146 lines
9.0 KiB
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146 lines
9.0 KiB
HTML
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<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<!-- Generated from TeX source by tex2page, v 4o4,
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(c) Dorai Sitaram, http://www.cs.rice.edu/~dorai/tex2page -->
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<head>
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<title>
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Revised^5 Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme
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</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="r5rs-Z-C.css" title=default>
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<meta name=robots content="noindex,follow">
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</head>
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<body>
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<p><div class=navigation>[Go to <span><a href="r5rs.html">first</a>, <a href="r5rs-Z-H-12.html">previous</a></span><span>, <a href="r5rs-Z-H-14.html">next</a></span> page<span>; </span><span><a href="r5rs-Z-H-2.html#%_toc_start">contents</a></span><span><span>; </span><a href="r5rs-Z-H-15.html#%_index_start">index</a></span>]</div><p>
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<a name="%_chap_Temp_9"></a>
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<h1 class=chapter>
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<div class=chapterheading> </div><p>
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<a href="r5rs-Z-H-2.html#%_toc_%_chap_Temp_9">Example</a></h1><p>
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<p><p>
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<tt>Integrate-system</tt> integrates the system
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<p><div align=left><img src="r5rs-Z-G-63.gif" border="0"></div><p>
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of differential equations with the method of Runge-Kutta.<p>
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The parameter <tt>system-derivative</tt> is a function that takes a system
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state (a vector of values for the state variables <em>y</em><sub>1</sub>, <tt>...</tt>, <em>y</em><sub><em>n</em></sub>)
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and produces a system derivative (the values <em>y</em><sub>1</sub><sup>/</sup>, <tt>...</tt>,
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<em>y</em><sub><em>n</em></sub><sup>/</sup>). The parameter <tt>initial-state</tt> provides an initial
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system state, and <tt>h</tt> is an initial guess for the length of the
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integration step.<p>
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The value returned by <tt>integrate-system</tt> is an infinite stream of
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system states.<p>
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<tt><p>(define integrate-system<br>
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(lambda (system-derivative initial-state h)<br>
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(let ((next (runge-kutta-4 system-derivative h)))<br>
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(letrec ((states<br>
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(cons initial-state<br>
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(delay (map-streams next<br>
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states)))))<br>
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states))))<p></tt><p>
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<tt>Runge-Kutta-4</tt> takes a function, <tt>f</tt>, that produces a
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system derivative from a system state. <tt>Runge-Kutta-4</tt>
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produces a function that takes a system state and
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produces a new system state.<p>
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<tt><p>(define runge-kutta-4<br>
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(lambda (f h)<br>
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(let ((*h (scale-vector h))<br>
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(*2 (scale-vector 2))<br>
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(*1/2 (scale-vector (/ 1 2)))<br>
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(*1/6 (scale-vector (/ 1 6))))<br>
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(lambda (y)<br>
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;; y is a system state<br>
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(let* ((k0 (*h (f y)))<br>
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(k1 (*h (f (add-vectors y (*1/2 k0)))))<br>
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(k2 (*h (f (add-vectors y (*1/2 k1)))))<br>
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(k3 (*h (f (add-vectors y k2)))))<br>
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(add-vectors y<br>
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(*1/6 (add-vectors k0<br>
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(*2 k1)<br>
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(*2 k2)<br>
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k3))))))))<br>
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<br>
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(define elementwise<br>
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(lambda (f)<br>
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(lambda vectors<br>
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(generate-vector<br>
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(vector-length (car vectors))<br>
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(lambda (i)<br>
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(apply f<br>
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(map (lambda (v) (vector-ref v i))<br>
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vectors)))))))<br>
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<br>
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(define generate-vector<br>
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(lambda (size proc)<br>
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(let ((ans (make-vector size)))<br>
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(letrec ((loop<br>
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(lambda (i)<br>
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(cond ((= i size) ans)<br>
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(else<br>
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(vector-set! ans i (proc i))<br>
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(loop (+ i 1)))))))<br>
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(loop 0)))))<br>
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<br>
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(define add-vectors (elementwise +))<br>
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<br>
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(define scale-vector<br>
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(lambda (s)<br>
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(elementwise (lambda (x) (* x s)))))<p></tt><p>
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<tt>Map-streams</tt> is analogous to <tt>map</tt>: it applies its first
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argument (a procedure) to all the elements of its second argument (a
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stream).<p>
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<tt><p>(define map-streams<br>
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(lambda (f s)<br>
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(cons (f (head s))<br>
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(delay (map-streams f (tail s))))))<p></tt><p>
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Infinite streams are implemented as pairs whose car holds the first
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element of the stream and whose cdr holds a promise to deliver the rest
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of the stream.<p>
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<tt><p>(define head car)<br>
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(define tail<br>
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(lambda (stream) (force (cdr stream))))<p></tt><p>
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<p><br><p><br><p>The following illustrates the use of <tt>integrate-system</tt> in
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integrating the system
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<p><div align=left><img src="r5rs-Z-G-64.gif" border="0"></div><p><p><div align=left><img src="r5rs-Z-G-65.gif" border="0"></div><p>
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which models a damped oscillator.<p>
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<tt><p>(define damped-oscillator<br>
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(lambda (R L C)<br>
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(lambda (state)<br>
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(let ((Vc (vector-ref state 0))<br>
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(Il (vector-ref state 1)))<br>
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(vector (- 0 (+ (/ Vc (* R C)) (/ Il C)))<br>
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(/ Vc L))))))<br>
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<br>
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(define the-states<br>
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(integrate-system<br>
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(damped-oscillator 10000 1000 .001)<br>
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'#(1 0)<br>
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.01))<p></tt><p>
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<p>
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<p>
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<p><div class=navigation>[Go to <span><a href="r5rs.html">first</a>, <a href="r5rs-Z-H-12.html">previous</a></span><span>, <a href="r5rs-Z-H-14.html">next</a></span> page<span>; </span><span><a href="r5rs-Z-H-2.html#%_toc_start">contents</a></span><span><span>; </span><a href="r5rs-Z-H-15.html#%_index_start">index</a></span>]</div><p>
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</body>
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</html>
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