sunet/scheme/httpd/surflets/latex/surflet.tex

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{alltt}
\usepackage{tex2page}

\author{Andreas Bernauer \and Martin Gasbichler}
\title{The Servlet Handler of the \textit{SUnet} Web Server}

\input{../../../doc/latex/decls}
\newcommand{\attrib}[1]{\textsf{#1}}

\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
  \noindent The Scheme Untergrund Network Package (\textit{SUnet} for
  short) comes along with a modular web server. The servlet handler
  described here extends it by the capability of writing programs in
  Scheme, that yield an HTML page.

  Suspending of servlet computation.
  Using Oleg's SXML.

  blabla and something more.
\end{abstract}

\section{How to write a servlet}

Use this skeleton to get started quickly:
\begin{alltt}
(define-structure servlet servlet-interface
  (open servlets
        scsh
        scheme
        ; more packages...
        )
  (begin

    (define (main req)
       ; This is the entry point.
      )

    ;; Add more definitions here.
    ))
\end{alltt}

See the examples for further informations.

\section{The \texttt{servlets} structure}

\defun{send/suspend}{response-maker}{request}
\defunx{send/finish}{response}{\noreturn}
\defunx{send}{response}{\noreturn}
\defunx{send-html/suspend}{SXML-maker}{request}
\defunx{send-html/finish}{SXML}{\noreturn}
\defunx{send-html}{SXML}{\noreturn}
\begin{desc}
  These procedures let the server send a response to the client. From
  the servlet's point of view, \ex{send/suspend} suspends the current
  computation, calls \semvar{response-maker} with an argument and lets
  the server send it to the client. \semvar{response-maker} is a
  procedure getting one argument, the ``continuation address'' and
  yielding a valid response---\ie{} an \ex{httpd} \ex{response}
  object. See the manual of the \ex{httpd} for details about
  generating such an object. If you use SXML, you won't need the
  details, though. If the browser sends a request to the
  ``continuation address'', the computation of the servlet is resumed
  and \ex{send/suspend} returns the browser's request. Note that,
  technically, the computation is not really suspended---it just
  looks this way from the servlet's point of view.

  \ex{send/finish} returns the \semvar{response} to the server and
  finishes the computation of the servlet---\ie{} the instance of the
  servlet will not accept any more requests. \semvar{response} must be
  a valid \ex{httpd} \ex{response} object.

  \ex{send} returns the \semvar{response} to the server. It does not
  finish the computation of the servlet, although it does not
  return---\ie{} the instance of the servlet may accept future
  requests. Usually, you won't need this procedure.
 
  The \ex{send-html...} procedures do the same as their counterparts
  sans \ex{-html}, except that the expect SXML objects rather than
  response objects. SXML objects are lists that describe an HTML
  page---\eg{}
  \begin{alltt}
  `(html (title "My Homepage")
    (body (h1 "Welcome to my homepage!")
          (p "How are you?")))
  \end{alltt}

  The SXML object is translated into plain HTML by the
  procedures. They recognize higher the following order tags. You may
  specify your own tags using the SSAX library.
\end{desc}

\dfn{URL}{target \ovar{SXML ...}}{link}{tag}
\begin{desc}
  The \ex{URL} tag creates a hyper link to \semvar{target}, described
  with \semvar{SXML}. This corresponds to the \ex{a} tag in HTML.
\end{desc}

\dfn{plain-html}{\ovar{text ...}}{HTML}{tag}
\begin{desc}
  This is for quoting text, that you want to be put into the resulting
  HTML page as-is. Of course, you can blow up the created HTML page
  with this, you've been warned.
\end{desc}

\dfn{servlet-form}{address \ovar{method} \ovar{attributes} \ovar{SXML
  ...}}{form}{tag}
\begin{desc}
  This creates an HTML form. Its \attrib{action} attribute will be
  \semvar{address}---\ie{} the browser will send the form data to
  \semvar{address}. With \semvar{method} you can specify how the form
  data will be sent: \ex{'get} or \ex{'GET} denote a \ex{GET} request,
  \ex{'post} or \ex{'POST} denote a \ex{POST} request. Any other value
  will cause en error. \semvar{attributes} Are further attributes you
  want to add to the form---\eg{}\attrib{target}. Note if you specify
  the \attrib{enctype} to be something else than
  \ex{application/x-www-form-urlencoded} you have to decode the
  response on yourself---\ie{} you must not use the helper functions
  listed below.
\end{desc}



\defun{form-query}{string}{bindings}
\defunx{get-bindings}{req}{bindings}
\begin{desc}
  \ex{form-query} does the same as \ex{cgi-form-query}: It parses the
  \semvar{string} that may be the search part of a \ex{GET} request
  line into an association list of bindings---\eg{}
  \begin{alltt}
  (form-query "button=on&select=13")
  ==> '(("button" . "on") ("select" . "13"))
  \end{alltt}

  You can get the search part of a \ex{GET} request \ex{request} by
  using \codex{(http-url:search (request:url request))} This is how
  \semvar{get-bindings} accesses the search part, if \ex{req} is a
  \ex{GET} request. If it is a \ex{POST} request, though, it reads the
  string from the associated input port. In both cases, \ex{GET} or
  \ex{POST} request, it returns an association list of bindings as
  \ex{form-query} does. Note that as \ex{get-bindings} reads from the
  associated input port, you must not invoke it more than once for a
  specific \ex{POST} request---doing so on a \ex{GET} request does not
  harm. This restriction should be removed in future versions.
\end{desc}

\defun{extract-bindings}{bindings name}{strings}
\defunx{extract-single-binding}{bindings name}{string}
\begin{desc}
  \ex{extract-bindings} returns a list of \semvar{strings}, that are
  values of the \semvar{name} in \semvar{bindings}.
  \ex{extract-single-binding} returns the value of \semvar{name} in
  \semvar{bindings}. If there are more than one or zero \semvar{name}s
  in \semvar{bindings}, an error is signalled. \Eg{}
  
  \begin{alltt}
  (extract-bindings (form-query "button=on&select=13") "select")
  ==> '("13")
  (extract-single-binding (form-query "button=on&select=13") "button")
  ==> "on"
  \end{alltt}
\end{desc}

\subsection{Forms and Input Fields}
\FIXME{Prolog to input fields}

\defun{generate-input-field-name}{prefix}{string}
\begin{desc}
  Generates a pseudo-unique name with prefix
  \semvar{prefix}. Precisely, a continuously increased number is
  append to \semvar{prefix}. This gives us good chances, that the name
  is unique---we cannot check the uniqueness, though.
\end{desc}

\defun{make-input-field}{name transformer SXML}{input-field}
\defunx{make-upper-input-field}{transformer SXML}{input-field}
\begin{desc}
  \ex{make-input-field} creates an input field for a web
  form. \semvar{SXML} is an SXML-reprentation of the
  input-field. \semvar{transformer} gets the value of the input field
  as a string and returns the scheme value of the input field. \Eg{} you
  can do a string to number conversion with this (see
  \ex{make-number-input-field below}). \semvar{name} Is used to acces
  the value of the input field out of a request---it should be
  included in \semvar{SXML} to let the machinery work. This package
  provides several constructors for various types of input fields, so
  you usually don't have to bother about it.

  \ex{make-upper-input-field} creates a special kind of an
  input-field: the \semvar{transformer} function does not get only one
  value, but the whole bindings list. See the byte input widget for an
  example.

  The returned \semvar{input-field}s can be used as-is in SXML.
\end{desc}

\defun{make-text-input-field}{\ovar{default-text} \ovar{attributes}}{input-field}
\defunx{make-hidden-input-field}{value \ovar{attributes}}{input-field}
\defunx{make-password-input-field}{\ovar{attributes}}{input-field}
\defunx{make-number-input-field}{\ovar{default} \ovar{attributes}}{input-field}
\defunx{make-textarea-input-field}{\ovar{default-text} \ovar{attributes}}{input-field}
\defunx{make-select-input-field}{options \ovar{multiple?} \ovar{attributes}}{input-field}
\defunx{make-checkbox-input-field}{\ovar{checked?} \ovar{value} \ovar{attributes}}{input-field}
\defunx{make-radio-input-fields}{values \ovar{attributes}}{input-fields}
\begin{desc}
  These functions generate various kind of \semvar{input-field}s. The
  \semvar{attributes} argument contains a list of attributes in SXML
  notation---\eg{} \ex{'(@ (id 13))}. It is appended to the attributes
  of the input field that are generated by the functions.

  \ex{make-text-input-field} creates a text input field, optionally
  filled out with \semvar{default-text}. \ex{make-hidden-input-field}
  creates a hidden input field with value
  \semvar{value}. \ex{make-password-input-field} creates a password
  input field. \ex{make-number-input-field} creates a text input
  field, whose value is a number. An error is signalled, if the string
  cannot be interpreted as a number in the sense of
  \ex{string->number}. The number input field may have a default
  filling of \semvar{default}, that may be a string, a symbol or a
  number. \ex{make-textarea-input-field} creates a textarea input
  field, optionally filled out with \semvar{default-text}. You may
  want to give the \attrib{cols} and \attrib{rows} attributes
  explicitly. \ex{make-select-input-field} creates a select input
  field of the items given in \semvar{options}. Depending on a given
  \attrib{size} attribute the select input field will be displayed as
  a scrollable list or a dropdown list (see a reference to HTML for
  details). If \semvar{multiple?} is true, the select input field will
  allow multiple selections. In this case, \ex{input-field-value} will
  return a (possibly empty) list of all selected items. Otherwise, the
  selected string is returned.  \ex{make-checkbox-input-field} creates
  a checkbox input field, optionally with a value of
  \semvar{value}. If \semvar{value} is not given, the browser usually
  returns ``on''. If \semvar{checked?} has a true value, the checkbox
  will initially be checked.  \ex{make-radio-input-fields} is somewhat
  special as it returns a \emph{list} of radio button input
  fields. The reason is that radio input fields must have the same
  name, but the text that surrounds the radio input fields is not
  included in the definition of the input field. \Ie{} you must split
  the resulting list up into its parts and distribute them among your
  HTML text. The value of the \textit{n}th radio input field is the
  \textit{n}th element of \semvar{values}.
\end{desc}

\defun{make-submit-button}{\ovar{caption} \ovar{attributes}}{input-field}
\defunx{make-reset-button}{\ovar{caption}  \ovar{attributes}}{input-field}
\defunx{make-image-button}{source \ovar{attributes}}{input-field}
\begin{desc}
  The \semvar{attributes} of all functions are appended to the
  generated attributes of the input fields.

  \ex{make-submit-button} creates a submit button with an optional
  caption \semvar{caption}. If you omit the caption, the browser will
  choose a default value like ``Submit''. \ex{make-reset-button}
  creates a reset button that clears all entry fields of the form. If
  you omit the \semvar{cpation}, the browser will choose a default
  value for the caption of the button---\eg{} ``Reset''---otherwise
  \semvar{caption}. \ex{make-image-button} creates an image
  button using the image located at \semvar{source}.
\end{desc}

\defun{input-field-binding}{input-field bindings}{binding}
\defunx{input-field-value}{input-field bindings}{value}
\begin{desc}
  \ex{input-field-binding} returns the binding for
  \semvar{input-field} out of \semvar{bindings}.
  \ex{input-field-value} returns the value for the input field, using
  the transformer function of the input field.
\end{desc}

\subsection{Return addresses}
\FIXME{Prolog to return addresses}

\defun{make-address}{}{address}
\begin{desc}
  \ex{make-address} creates a return \semvar{address}, that may be
  used to create links in the output of the servlet. With this, the
  servlet can check which link was clicked by the user.
  \semvar{address} is a procedure expecting the prefix of the
  URL. Usually, it is called with the contination address given by
  \ex{send-html/suspend} (or \ex{send/suspend}).
\end{desc}

\defun{returned-via?}{address bindings}{boolean}
\begin{desc}
  Returns \sharpt, if the user has clicked on the link generated by
  \semvar{address}.
\end{desc}

\defun{make-callback}{procedure}{url}
\begin{desc}
  \semvar{procedure} Is a function accepting one argument, a request
  object. If the browser requests to a \semvar{url} returned by
  \ex{make-callback}, \semvar{procedure} will be called.
\end{desc}

\subsection{Servlet data}
\FIXME{Prolog to servlet data}

\defun{set-instance-data!}{new-value}{\undefined}
\defunx{get-instance-data}{}{value}
\begin{desc}
  \ex{set-instance-data!} saves \semvar{new-value} linked with the
  current instance of the servlet. \ex{get-instance-data} returns this
  linked value.
\end{desc}

\subsection{Data out of date}
\FIXME{Prolog to data ouf of date}

\defun{make-outdater}{}{outdater}
\begin{desc}
  Creates an \ex{outdater} object. In conjunction with
  \ex{if-outdated} if ensures, that a specific part of you program is
  executed only once.
\end{desc}

\dfn{if-outdated}{outdater consequence alternative}{value(s)}{syntax}
\begin{desc}
  This form ensures that code protected by \semvar{outdater} is
  executed only once. If outdater hasn't been used in this form
  previously, the \semvar{alternative} is evaluated and
  \ex{if-outdated} returns whatever \semvar{alternative} returns. As a
  side effect, \semvar{outdater} is marked used. In future uses of
  this form with the same \semvar{outdater}, the \semvar{consequence}
  is evaluated and \ex{if-outdated} returns whatever
  \semvar{consequence} returns.
\end{desc}

\defun{show-outdated}{new-url}{\noreturn}
\begin{desc}
  \ex{show-outdated} sends a message to the browser indicating that
  the data is out of date. If \semvar{url} has a true value, it is
  shown as a reload address. This procedure is helpful in conjunction
  with \ex{if-outdated}.
\end{desc}


\end{document}