scsh-0.6/scheme/rts/thread.scm

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; Copyright (c) 1993-1999 by Richard Kelsey and Jonathan Rees. See file COPYING.
; Threads.
; This is inspired by Haynes et al's engines.
;
; The fundamental operation is (RUN <thread> <time>), which runs the thread
; for the given amount of time.
;
; Each thread has:
; saved continuation
; saved interrupt mask
; scheduler, which is the thread that RUNs this one
; remaining time in clock ticks ('waiting = waiting for events)
; queue that is holding this thread, if any
; arguments waiting to be passed to the thread when it is next run
; dynamic environment
; dynamic point
; whatever data the scheduler wants
; Schedulers also have:
; list of pending events
; thread that this scheduler is currently running
;
; A `scheduler' is any thread that has called RUN. All threads are organized
; into a tree by the THREAD-SCHEDULER field, with the pointers pointing from
; the leaves to the root.
;
; There is a doubly linked list of running threads linked by the
; the thread-scheduler and thread-current-task fields.
; e1 <-> e2 <-> ... <-> eN-1 <-> eN
; e1 is the top thread and eN is the thread whose code is actually running.
; All except eN are in the middle of a call to RUN. The scheduler pointers
; point to the left and the current-task pointers point to the right.
;
; When an thread stops, its scheduler is run and the portion of the list from
; the stopped thread down is saved for when the stopped thread is resumed. For
; example, suppose e3 runs out of time. Then the list is shortened to
; e1 <-> e2 and the e3 <-...-> eN portion is saved. When e3 is resumed,
; the list is spliced back together and eN's continuation is resumed.
(define-record-type thread :thread
(really-make-thread dynamic-env dynamic-point
cell-values own-cell-values?
continuation scheduler
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queue arguments
events current-task uid name)
thread?
(dynamic-env thread-dynamic-env) ;Must be first! (See fluid.scm)
(dynamic-point thread-dynamic-point set-thread-dynamic-point!)
;Must be second! (See fluid.scm)
;Must be third! (See thread-cell.scm)
(cell-values thread-cell-values set-thread-cell-values!)
;Must be fourth! (See thread-cell.scm)
(own-cell-values? thread-own-cell-values? set-thread-own-values?!)
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(continuation thread-continuation set-thread-continuation!)
(queue thread-queue set-thread-queue!)
(arguments thread-arguments set-thread-arguments!)
(time thread-time set-thread-time!)
(scheduler thread-scheduler set-thread-scheduler!)
(data thread-data set-thread-data!)
(events thread-events set-thread-events!) ; schedulers
(current-task thread-current-task set-thread-current-task!) ; schedulers
(uid thread-uid) ; for debugging (and as a cheap weak pointer)
(name thread-name)) ; for debugging
(define-record-discloser :thread
(lambda (thread)
(cons 'thread
(cons (thread-uid thread)
(let ((name (thread-name thread)))
(if name
(list name)
'()))))))
(define *thread-uid* 0)
(define (make-thread thunk dynamic-env cell-values name)
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(let ((thread (really-make-thread dynamic-env
#f ; dynamic-point root
cell-values
#f ; own-cell-values?
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(thunk->continuation
(thread-top-level thunk))
(current-thread) ; scheduler
#f ; queue
'() ; arguments
#f ; events
#f ; current-task
*thread-uid*
name)))
(set! *thread-uid* (+ *thread-uid* 1))
thread))
;----------------
; Call THUNK and then suspend. The LET is just to give the thunk a name
; in the debugger. This thunk shows up at the bottom of every ,preview.
(define (thread-top-level thunk)
(let ((thread-start (lambda ()
(call-with-values
thunk
(lambda values
(suspend (enum event-type completed) values))))))
thread-start))
; Find the thread with the indicated uid. This is expensive. It is used
; by rts/channel-port.scm to when forcibly unlocking one of the REPL's ports.
(define (thread-uid->thread uid)
(let ((threads (all-threads)))
(let loop ((i 0))
(cond ((= i (vector-length threads))
#f)
((= uid (thread-uid (vector-ref threads i)))
(vector-ref threads i))
(else
(loop (+ i 1)))))))
(define (all-threads)
((structure-ref primitives find-all-records) :thread))
; Add EVENT to THREAD's event queue.
; Called with interrupts disabled.
(define (add-event! thread event)
(enqueue! (or (thread-events thread)
(let ((q (make-queue)))
(set-thread-events! thread q)
q))
event))
; A bit of magic courtesy of JAR. We need to use PRIMITIVE-CWCC to save
; thread continuations because CALL-WITH-CURRENT-CONTINUATION saves the
; dynamic state, including the current thread. PRIMITIVE-CWCC's continuations
; are not procedures, so we need this thing to convert a thread's initial
; thunk into a continuation.
; (Alternatively, we could make a version of CWCC that didn't save the
; dynamic state. That would slow down context switching, which is
; presumably more frequent than thread creation.)
(define (thunk->continuation thunk)
(compose-continuation thunk #f))
; Return a continuation that will call PROC with continuation CONT.
; Synopsis: we grab the current continuation, install the continuation
; we want to create, and then at the last minute save the new continuation
; and return it to the one we grabbed on entry.
(define (compose-continuation proc cont)
(primitive-cwcc ; grab the current continuation so that
(lambda (k) ; we can return
(with-continuation ; install CONT or an empty continuation
(or cont (loophole :escape #f))
(lambda ()
(call-with-values ; install PROC as a continuation
(lambda ()
(primitive-cwcc ; grab a continuation that will call PROC and
(lambda (k2) ; then return to the installed continuation
(with-continuation ; return the PROC-calling continuation to
k ; the continuation we grabbed on entry
(lambda () k2)))))
proc))))))
;----------------
; Enqueueing and dequeuing threads.
; Rename the queue operations as thread-specific ones (both for clarity
; and because we will want to use priority queues in the future).
(define make-thread-queue make-queue)
(define thread-queue-empty? queue-empty?)
(define (enqueue-thread! queue thread)
(if (thread-queue thread)
(error "enqueued thread being added to another queue" thread queue))
(set-thread-queue! thread queue)
(enqueue! queue thread))
(define (dequeue-thread! queue)
(let ((thread (dequeue! queue)))
(set-thread-queue! thread #f)
thread))
(define (remove-thread-from-queue! thread)
(if (thread-queue thread)
(begin
(delete-from-queue! (thread-queue thread) thread)
(set-thread-queue! thread #f))))
;----------------
(define current-thread (structure-ref primitives current-thread))
(define set-current-thread! (structure-ref primitives set-current-thread!))
; Return values for RUN.
(define-enumeration event-type
;; Reason Additional return values
(
;; events relating to the running thread
out-of-time
completed ; . <results>
blocked
killed
upcall ; <args> unknown upcalls are passed up
;; asynchronous events
runnable ; <thread> <args> <thread> is now runnable
spawned ; <thunk> <id> ... spawn <thunk> as a new thread
interrupt ; <type> . <stuff> an interrupt has occured
deadlock ; no one can run
no-event ; there are no pending events
))
; DEADLOCK is used by the REPL to gain control when the thread system deadlocks.
; (RUN <thread> <time>) -> <time-left> <event-type> . <stuff>
;
; Run <thread> for no more than <time>. The call returns when the thread
; stops, returning the remaining time, the reason the thread stopped, and
; any addition information relating to the reason. Times are in milliseconds.
;
; What this does:
; 1. Check that THREAD is runnable, that it belongs to the current thread,
; and that it can accept any values being returned.
; 2. Return immediately if an event is pending.
; 3. Otherwise suspend the current thread, make THREAD its task, and then
; run THREAD (or the thread that it is running or ...)
(define (run thread time)
(disable-interrupts!)
(let ((scheduler (current-thread)))
(cond ((not (thread-continuation thread))
(enable-interrupts!)
(error "RUN called with a completed thread" thread))
((not (eq? (thread-scheduler thread) scheduler))
(enable-interrupts!)
(error "thread run by wrong scheduler" thread scheduler))
((thread-queue thread)
(enable-interrupts!)
(error "thread run while still on a queue" thread))
((and (thread-current-task thread)
(not (null? (thread-arguments thread))))
(enable-interrupts!)
(error "returning values to running thread"
thread
(thread-arguments thread)))
((event-pending?)
(enable-interrupts!)
(apply values time (dequeue! (thread-events (current-thread)))))
(else
(set-thread-current-task! scheduler thread)
(find-and-run-next-thread thread time)))))
; The next thread to run is the scheduler of the highest thread in the chain
; with no time left or, if there is no such thread, the bottom thread in the
; chain. The time limit is the minimum of the remaining times of threads
; above the thread to be run.
;
; We first go down from the user-provided thread, looking for a thread with
; no time left. We then continue either with that thread's scheduler or with
; the bottom thread of the chain.
; This could be modified to add the current time to NEW-THREAD and any threads
; below. Then the old time limit could be reused if none of the new threads
; got less time than SCHEDULER and above. This is slower and simpler.
(define (find-and-run-next-thread new-thread time)
(set-thread-time! new-thread time) ; in case we don't run it now
(let loop ((thread new-thread) (time time))
(let ((next (thread-current-task thread)))
(if (and next
(< 0 (thread-time next)))
(loop next (min time (thread-time next)))
(debit-thread-times-and-run! thread time)))))
; Debit the times of all threads from the current-thread on up. If we find a
; thread with no time left, then that thread's scheduler becomes the potential
; next thread.
;
; Only the root thread can end up with a time-limit of #f, as all other threads
; have schedulers.
(define (debit-thread-times-and-run! next-to-run time-limit)
(let ((elapsed (interrupt-timer-time)))
(let loop ((thread (current-thread))
(time-limit time-limit)
(next-to-run next-to-run))
(let ((scheduler (thread-scheduler thread)))
(cond (scheduler
(let ((time-left (- (thread-time thread) elapsed)))
(set-thread-time! thread time-left)
(if (<= time-left 0)
(loop scheduler #f scheduler)
(loop scheduler
(if time-limit
(min time-limit time-left)
time-left)
next-to-run))))
(next-to-run
(run-next-thread next-to-run time-limit))
(else
(schedule-interrupt! time-limit)))))))
; Debit the times of all running threads and run whomever is next.
(define (handle-timer-interrupt interrupted-template ei)
(if (thread-scheduler (current-thread))
(debit-thread-times-and-run! #f #f)))
; Run the next thread, first scheduling an interrupt if the thread is not the
; root thread. If the next thread has a current task, then the return values
; are the normal out-of-time values. The bottom thread of the chain gets
; whatever return values have been stashed earlier.
(define (run-next-thread thread time-limit)
(if time-limit (schedule-interrupt! time-limit))
(let ((arguments (if (thread-current-task thread)
(list 0 (enum event-type out-of-time))
(thread-arguments thread))))
(set-thread-arguments! thread '())
(switch-to-thread thread arguments)))
; Fast binary version of MIN
(define (min x y)
(if (< x y) x y))
;----------------
; Save the current thread and start running NEW-THREAD.
(define (switch-to-thread thread return-values)
(primitive-cwcc
(lambda (cont)
(set-thread-continuation! (current-thread) cont)
(run-thread thread return-values))))
; Start running THREAD. This assumes that THREAD has already been linked into
; the list of running threads.
(define (run-thread thread return-values)
(set-current-thread! thread)
(set-thread-current-task! thread #f)
(with-continuation (thread-continuation thread)
(lambda ()
(set-thread-continuation! thread #f) ; HCC: for GC
(enable-interrupts!)
(apply values return-values))))
;----------------
; (SUSPEND <reason> <stuff>) stops the current thread and returns from
; the call to RUN that invoked it. The arguments passed to SUSPEND become
; the return values of the call to RUN. SUSPEND itself returns the arguments
; passed to RUN when the stopped thread is restarted.
(define (suspend reason stuff)
(disable-interrupts!)
(suspend-to (thread-scheduler (current-thread))
(cons reason stuff)))
; Stop running the current thread and return from the RUN call in
; SCHEDULER with the given reason. We need to debit the time of every
; thread between the current one and SCHEDULER.
(define (suspend-to scheduler event) ; called with interrupts disabled
(debit-down! (thread-current-task scheduler))
(switch-to-thread scheduler
(cons (thread-time (thread-current-task scheduler))
event)))
(define (debit-down! thread)
(let ((elapsed (interrupt-timer-time)))
(let loop ((thread thread))
(if thread
(begin
(set-thread-time! thread (- (thread-time thread) elapsed))
(loop (thread-current-task thread)))))))
; Same thing, except that we don't save the current continuation and
; we don't need to debit the thread's time. This is used for completed
; and killed threads and is not exported.
(define (exit reason stuff)
(disable-interrupts!)
(let ((thread (current-thread)))
(set-thread-continuation! thread #f)
(run-thread (thread-scheduler thread)
(cons (- (thread-time thread)
(interrupt-timer-time))
(cons reason stuff)))))
; Wait for something to happen. If an event is pending we return immediately.
; Another same thing, except that we have to be careful because we need to
; set the current thread's time field to a non-integer.
(define (wait)
(let ((interrupts (set-enabled-interrupts! no-interrupts)))
(let ((thread (current-thread)))
(if (not (and (thread-events thread)
(not (queue-empty? (thread-events thread)))))
(let ((time-left (- (thread-time thread)
(interrupt-timer-time))))
(set-thread-time! thread 'waiting)
(switch-to-thread (thread-scheduler thread)
(list time-left (enum event-type blocked)))))
(set-enabled-interrupts! interrupts))))
; Is THREAD waiting for something to happen.
(define (waiting? thread)
(eq? (thread-time thread) 'waiting))
; Various calls to SUSPEND.
(define (block)
(suspend (enum event-type blocked) '()))
(define (relinquish-timeslice)
(suspend (enum event-type out-of-time) '()))
; Send the upcall to the current scheduler and check the return value(s)
; to see if it was handled properly.
(define (upcall token . args)
(propogate-upcall (current-thread) token args))
; Send the upcall to the current thread's handler, if it has one.
(define (propogate-upcall thread token args)
(if (thread-scheduler (current-thread))
(suspend (enum event-type upcall) (list thread token args))
(begin
(interrupt-thread thread
(lambda ()
(apply error "unhandled upcall" token args)))
(values))))
(define (kill-thread! thread) ; dangerous!
(interrupt-thread thread
(lambda ignored
(exit (enum event-type killed) '()))))
;----------------
; Make THREAD execute PROC the next time it is run. The thread's own
; continuation is passed whatever PROC returns.
(define (interrupt-thread thread proc)
(let ((interrupts (set-enabled-interrupts! no-interrupts)))
(cond ((and (thread? thread)
(not (running? thread)))
(set-thread-continuation!
thread
(compose-continuation proc (thread-continuation thread)))
(set-enabled-interrupts! interrupts))
(else
(set-enabled-interrupts! interrupts)
(call-error "invalid argument" interrupt-thread thread)))))
;----------------
; Dealing with event queues
; Returns the next event scheduled for the current thread.
(define (get-next-event!)
(let* ((interrupts (disable-interrupts!))
(events (thread-events (current-thread))))
(if (or (not events)
(queue-empty? events))
(begin
(set-enabled-interrupts! interrupts)
(enum event-type no-event))
(let ((event (dequeue! events)))
(set-enabled-interrupts! interrupts)
(apply values event)))))
(define (event-pending?)
(let ((events (thread-events (current-thread))))
(and events (not (queue-empty? events)))))
; Schedule the given event for THREAD. If THREAD is waiting, a RUNNABLE
; event is also scheduled for its scheduler and so on up the tree. If
; THREAD is running we suspend to allow the interrupt to be processed
; immediately (running threads that are not the current thread must be
; above the current thread in the tree and so have priority over it).
(define (schedule-event thread . event)
(let ((interrupts (disable-interrupts!)))
(cond ((eq? thread (current-thread))
(add-event! thread event)
(values))
((waiting? thread)
(add-event! thread event)
(schedule-wakeup thread))
((running? thread)
(suspend-to thread event))
((thread-current-task thread)
(set-thread-arguments! thread
(cons (thread-time (thread-current-task thread))
event))
(set-thread-current-task! thread #f))
(else
(add-event! thread event)))
(set-enabled-interrupts! interrupts)
((structure-ref primitives unspecific))))
; Make THREAD's scheduler aware of the fact that THREAD is runnable, and
; similarly for its own scheduler and so on up the tree.
; Called with interrupts disabled.
(define (schedule-wakeup thread)
(set-thread-time! thread 0) ; clear WAITING flag
(let ((scheduler (thread-scheduler thread)))
(if scheduler
(let ((event (list (enum event-type runnable) thread)))
(cond ((eq? scheduler (current-thread))
(add-event! scheduler event)
(values))
((waiting? scheduler)
(add-event! scheduler event)
(schedule-wakeup scheduler))
((running? scheduler)
(suspend-to scheduler event)))))))
; Debugging routine
(define (show-running)
(apply debug-message "Running:" (do ((e (current-thread) (thread-scheduler e))
(l '() (cons (thread-name e)
(cons " " l))))
((not e)
(reverse l)))))
; Walk up the scheduler pointers from the current thread to see if THREAD is
; running.
(define (running? thread)
(let loop ((running (current-thread)))
(cond ((not running)
#f)
((eq? running thread)
#t)
(else
(loop (thread-scheduler running))))))
; Spawn a new thread either on the current thread's scheduler or on a specific
; scheduler.
(define (spawn thunk . id)
(set-thread-own-values?! (current-thread) #f)
(apply spawn-on-scheduler
(thread-scheduler (current-thread))
thunk
(thread-cell-values (current-thread))
id))
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(define (spawn-on-root thunk . id)
(if (root-scheduler)
(begin
(set-thread-own-values?! (current-thread) #f)
(apply spawn-on-scheduler
(root-scheduler)
thunk
(thread-cell-values (current-thread))
id))
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(thunk)))
(define (spawn-on-scheduler scheduler thunk cell-values . id)
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(schedule-event scheduler
(enum event-type spawned)
thunk
cell-values
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(if (null? id) #f (car id))))
; Enqueue a RUNNABLE for THREAD's scheduler.
(define (make-ready thread . args)
(if (thread-queue thread)
(error "trying to schedule a queued thread" thread))
; (if (not (null? (thread-arguments thread)))
; (error "trying to replace thread arguments"))
(set-thread-arguments! thread args)
(if (thread-scheduler thread)
(schedule-event (thread-scheduler thread)
(enum event-type runnable)
thread)
(error "MAKE-READY thread has no scheduler" thread)))
;----------------
(define (schedule-interrupt! time)
(schedule-interrupt time))
(define (cancel-timer-interrupt!)
(schedule-interrupt 0))
; Use CHEAP-TIME to save the cost of a system call on every context switch.
; This clock is reset whenever we request an interrupt.
(define (interrupt-timer-time)
((structure-ref primitives time) (enum time-option cheap-time) #f))
; Used for waking sleepers
(define (real-time)
((structure-ref primitives time) (enum time-option real-time) #f))
; Install our own handler for timer interrupts and then start running threads.
(define (with-threads thunk)
(with-interrupts-inhibited
(lambda ()
(dynamic-wind
(lambda ()
(set-interrupt-handler! (enum interrupt alarm)
handle-timer-interrupt))
(lambda ()
(start-multitasking thunk))
(lambda ()
(cancel-timer-interrupt!))))))
; Add handler for deadlock and termination and morph ourselves into the
; initial thread.
(define (start-multitasking thunk)
(call-with-current-continuation
(lambda (exit-multitasking)
(with-handler
(lambda (c punt)
(if (deadlock? c) (exit-multitasking 0) (punt)))
(lambda ()
(call-with-current-continuation
(lambda (terminate)
(with-handler (lambda (c punt)
(if (terminate? c) (terminate 0) (punt)))
(lambda ()
(set! *thread-uid* 0)
(let ((thread (make-thread #f ; thunk
(get-dynamic-env)
(get-cell-values)
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'initial-thread)))
(set-thread-scheduler! thread #f)
(set-thread-time! thread #f)
(set-thread-dynamic-point! thread (get-dynamic-point))
(set-current-thread! thread)
(session-data-set! root-scheduler-slot thread))
;; End the LET to get THREAD out of the continuation to THUNK
;; Interrupts were turned off by START-THREADS
(enable-interrupts!)
;; We throw out after THUNK to avoid teh EXIT below, as we
;; have no scheduler to exit to.
(exit-multitasking (thunk))))))
;; land here when terminating a thread
(exit (enum event-type completed) '()))))))
; Raised when there is nothing to run.
(define-condition-type 'deadlock '())
(define deadlock? (condition-predicate 'deadlock))
; Raised when the current thread has been killed.
(define-condition-type 'terminate '())
(define terminate? (condition-predicate 'terminate))
; Kill the current thread. DEBUG-MESSAGE is used to try and make sure that some
; record exists when an error occured. The system may be too broken for ERROR
; to work properly.
(define (terminate-current-thread)
(signal 'terminate)
(debug-message "Can't terminate current thread "
(thread-uid (current-thread))
" "
(thread-name (current-thread)))
(error "can't terminate current thread")
0) ; suppress bogus compiler warning
;----------------
; A slot in the session data to hold the root thread.
(define root-scheduler-slot (make-session-data-slot! #f))
(define (root-scheduler)
(session-data-ref root-scheduler-slot))