2003-05-01 06:21:33 -04:00
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%latex -*- latex -*-
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%\documentclass[twoside]{report}
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%\usepackage{code,boxedminipage,makeidx,palatino,ct,
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% headings,mantitle,array,matter,mysize10}
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\newcommand{\anglequote}[1]{{$<\!\!<$}#1$>\!\!>$}
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% Style issues
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%\parskip = 3pt plus 3pt
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%\sloppy
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%\input{decls}
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%\begin{document}
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%\mainmatter
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\chapter{Pattern-matching strings with regular expressions}
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\label{chapt:sre}
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Scsh provides a rich facility for matching regular-expression patterns
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in strings.
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The system is composed of several pieces:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item An s-expression notation for writing down general regular expressions.
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In most systems, regexp patterns are encoded as string literals, such
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as \verb+"g(oo|ee)se"+.
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In scsh, they are written using s-expressions, such as
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\verb+(: "g" (| "oo" "ee") "se")+, and are called \emph{sre's}.
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The sre notation has several
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advantages over the traditional string-based notation. It's more expressive,
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can be commented, and can be indented to expose the structure of the form.
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\item An abstract data type (ADT) representation for regexp values.
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Traditional regular-expression systems compute regular expressions
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from run-time values using strings. This can be awkward. Scsh, instead,
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provides a separate data type for regexps, with a set of basic constructor
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and accessor functions; regular expressions can be dynamically computed
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and manipulated using these functions.
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\item Some tools that work on the regexp ADT: case-sensitve to case-insensitive
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regexp transform, a regexp simplifier, and so forth.
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\item Parsers and unparsers that can convert between external representations
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and the regexp ADT. The supported external representations are
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Posix strings
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\item S-expression notation (that is, sre's)
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\end{itemize}
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Being able to convert regexps to Posix strings allows implementations
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to implement regexp matching using standard Posix C-based engines.
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\item Macro support for the s-expression notation.
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The \ex{rx} macro provides a new special form that allows you to embed
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regexps in the s-expression notation within a Scheme program. Evaluating
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the macro form produces a regexp ADT value which can be used by
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Scheme pattern-matching procedures and other regexp consumers.
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\item Pattern-matching and searching procedures.
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Spencer's Posix regexp engine is linked in to the runtime; the
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regexp code uses this engine to provide text matching.
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\end{itemize}
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The regexp language supported is a complete superset of Posix functionality,
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providing:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item sequencing and choice (\ex{|})
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\item repetition (\ex{*}, \ex{+}, \ex{?}, \ex{\{$m$,$n$\}})
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\item character classes (\eg, \ex{[aeiou]}) and wildcard (\ex{.})
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\item beginning/end of string anchors (\verb|^|, \verb|$|)
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\item case-sensitivity control
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\item submatch-marking
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\end{itemize}
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\section{Summary SRE syntax}
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The following figures give a summary of the SRE syntax;
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the next section is a friendlier tutorial introduction.
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\newlength{\foolength}
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\def\srecomment#1{\multicolumn{2}{l}%
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{\qquad\setlength{\foolength}{\textwidth}%
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\addtolength{\textwidth}{-4em}\begin{tabular}{p{\textwidth}}#1\end{tabular}}}
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\begin{boxedfigure}{tbhp}
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\begin{tabular}{lp{3in}}
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\var{string} &
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Literal match---interpreted relative to
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the current case-sensitivity lexical context
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(default is case-sensitive) \\
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\\
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\ex{(\var{string1} \var{string2} {\ldots})} &
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Set of chars, \eg, \ex{("abc" "XYZ")}.
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Interpreted relative to the current
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case-sensitivity lexical context. \\
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\\
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\ex{(* \var{sre} {\ldots})} & 0 or more matches \\
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\ex{(+ \var{sre} {\ldots})} & 1 or more matches \\
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\ex{(? \var{sre} {\ldots})} & 0 or 1 matches \\
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\ex{(= \var{n} \var{sre} {\ldots})} & \var{n} matches \\
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\ex{(>= \var{n} \var{sre} {\ldots})} & \var{n} or more matches \\
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\ex{(** \var{n} \var{m} \var{sre} {\ldots})} & \var{n} to \var{m} matches \\
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\srecomment{
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\var{N} and \var{m} are Scheme expressions producing non-negative
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integers. \\
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\var{M} may also be \ex{\#f}, meaning ``infinity.''} \\
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\\
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\ex{(| \var{sre} {\ldots})} & Choice (\ex{or} is \RnRS{} symbol; \\
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\ex{(or \var{sre} {\ldots})} & \ex{|} is not specified by \RnRS{}.) \\
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\\
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\ex{(: \var{sre} {\ldots})} & Sequence (\ex{seq} is legal \\
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\ex{(seq \var{sre} {\ldots})} & Common Lisp symbol) \\
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\\
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\ex{(submatch \var{sre} {\ldots})} & Numbered submatch \\
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\\
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\ex{(dsm \var{pre} \var{post} \var{sre} {\ldots})} & Deleted submatches \\
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\srecomment{\var{Pre} and \var{post} are numerals.} \\
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\\
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\ex{(uncase \var{sre} {\ldots})} & Case-folded match \\
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\ex{(w/case \var{sre} {\ldots})} & Introduce a lexical case-sensitivity \\
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\ex{(w/nocase \var{sre} {\ldots})} & context. \\
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\\
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\ex{,@\var{exp}} & Dynamically computed regexp \\
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\ex{,\var{exp}} & Same as ,@\var{exp}, but no submatch info \\
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\srecomment{\var{Exp} must produce a character, string,
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char-set, or regexp.} \\
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\\
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\ex{bos eos} & Beginning/end of string \\
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\ex{bol eol} & Beginning/end of line \\
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\end{tabular}
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\caption{SRE syntax summary (part 1)}
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\end{boxedfigure}
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\begin{boxedfigure}{tbhp}
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\begin{tabular}{lp{3in}}
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\ex{(posix-string \var{string})} & Escape for Posix string notation \\
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\\
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\ex{\var{char}} & Singleton char set \\
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\ex{\var{class-name}} & alphanumeric, whitespace, \etc \\
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\srecomment{These two forms are interpreted subject to
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the lexical case-sensitivity context.} \\
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\\
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\cd{(~ \var{cset-sre} {\ldots})} & Complement-of-union (\cd{[^{\ldots}]}) \\
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\ex{(- \var{cset-sre} {\ldots})} & Difference \\
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\cd{(& \var{cset-sre} {\ldots})} & Intersection \\
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\\
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\ex{(/ \var{range-spec} {\ldots})} & Character range---interpreted
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subject to
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the lexical case-sensitivy context \\
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\end{tabular}
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\caption{SRE syntax summary (part 2)}
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\end{boxedfigure}
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\begin{boxedfigure}{tbhp}
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{\tt
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\begin{tabular}{l@{\quad\texttt{|}\quad}ll}
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\multicolumn{1}{l}{\var{class-name}\quad ::=\quad} & any \\
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& nonl \\
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& lower-case & | lower \\
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& upper-case & | upper \\
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& alphabetic & | alpha \\
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& numeric & | digit | num \\
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& alphanumeric & | alnum \\
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& punctuation & | punct \\
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& graphic & | graph \\
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& whitespace & | space | white \\
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& printing & | print \\
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& control & | cntrl \\
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& hex-digit & | xdigit | hex \\
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& ascii
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\end{tabular}
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\\[2ex]
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\ex{\var{range-spec} ::= \var{string} | \var{char}} \\
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}
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The chars are taken in pairs to form inclusive ranges.
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\caption{SRE character-class names and range specs.}
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\end{boxedfigure}
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\begin{boxedfigure}{tbhp}
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\begin{verbatim}
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<cset-sre> ::= (~ <cset-sre> ...) Set complement-of-union
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| (- <cset-sre> ...) Set difference
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| (& <cset-sre> ...) Intersection
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| (| <cset-sre> ...) Set union
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| (/ <range-spec> ...) Range
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| (<string>) Constant set
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| <char> Singleton constant set
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| <string> For 1-char string "c"
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| <class-name> Constant set
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| ,<exp> <exp> evals to a char-set,
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| ,@<exp> char, single-char string,
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or re-char-set regexp.
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| (uncase <cset-sre>) Case-folding
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| (w/case <cset-sre>)
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| (w/nocase <cset-sre>)
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\end{verbatim}
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\caption{%The \cd{~}, \cd{-}, and \cd{&} operators may only be
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applied to SRE's that specify character sets.
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These are the ``type-checking'' rules for character-set SRE's.}
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\end{boxedfigure}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\section{Examples}
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\begin{widecode}
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(- alpha ("aeiouAEIOU")) ; Various forms of
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(- alpha ("aeiou") ("AEIOU")) ; non-vowel letter
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(w/nocase (- alpha ("aeiou")))
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(- (/"azAZ") ("aeiouAEIOU"))
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(w/nocase (- (/"az") ("aeiou")))
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;;; Upper-case letter, lower-case vowel, or digit
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(| upper ("aeiou") digit)
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(| (/"AZ09") ("aeiou"))
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;;; Not an SRE, but Scheme code containing some embedded SREs.
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(let* ((ws (rx (+ whitespace))) ; Seq of whitespace
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(date (rx (: (| "Jan" "Feb" "Mar" ...) ; A month/day date.
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,ws
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(| ("123456789") ; 1-9
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(: ("12") digit) ; 10-29
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"30" "31"))))) ; 30-31
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;; Now we can use DATE several times:
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(rx ... ,date ... (* ... ,date ...)
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... .... ,date))
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;;; More Scheme code
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(define (csl re) ; A comma-separated list of RE's is
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(rx (| "" ; either zero of them (empty string), or
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(: ,re ; one RE, followed by
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(* ", " ,re))))) ; Zero or more comma-space-RE matches.
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(csl (rx (| "John" "Paul" "George" "Ringo")))\end{widecode}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\section{A short tutorial}
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S-expression regexps are called "SRE"s. Keep in mind that they are \emph{not}
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Scheme expressions; they are another, separate notation that is expressed
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using the underlying framework of s-expression list structure: lists,
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symbols, {\etc} SRE's can be \emph{embedded} inside of Scheme expressions using
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special forms that extend Scheme's syntax (such as the \ex{rx} macro);
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there are places in the SRE
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grammar where one may place a Scheme expression.
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In these ways, SRE's and Scheme expressions can be intertwined.
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But this isn't fundamental;
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SRE's may be used in a completely Scheme-independent context.
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By simply restricting the notation to eliminate two special
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Scheme-embedding forms, they can be a completely independent notation.
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\paragraph{Constant strings}
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The simplest SRE is a string, denoting a constant regexp. For example, the SRE
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\begin{code}
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"Spot"\end{code}
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%
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matches only the string
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\anglequote{capital-S, little-p, little-o, little-t}.
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There is no interpretation of the characters in the string at all---the SRE
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\begin{code}
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".*["\end{code}
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%
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matches the string \anglequote{period, asterisk, open-bracket}.
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\paragraph{Simple character sets}
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To specify a set of characters, write a list whose single element is
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a string containing the set's elements. So the SRE
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\begin{code}
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("aeiou")\end{code}
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%
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only matches a vowel. One way to think of this, notationally, is that the
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set brackets are \ex{("} and \ex{")}.
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\paragraph{Wild card}
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Another simple SRE is the symbol \ex{any},
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2004-09-02 11:39:30 -04:00
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which matches any single character---including newline, but excluding
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ASCII NUL.
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2003-05-01 06:21:33 -04:00
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\paragraph{Sequences}
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We can form sequences of SRE's with the SRE \ex{(: \var{sre} \ldots)}.
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So the SRE
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\begin{code}
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(: "x" any "z")\end{code}
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%
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matches any three-character string starting with ``x'' and ending with ``z''.
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As we'll see shortly, many SRE forms have bodies that are implicit sequences of
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other SRE's, analogous to the manner in which the body of a Scheme
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{lambda} or \ex{let} expression is an implicit \ex{begin} sequence.
|
|
|
|
|
The regexp \ex{(seq \var{sre} \ldots)} is
|
|
|
|
|
completely equivalent to \ex{(: \var{sre} \ldots)};
|
|
|
|
|
it's included in order to have a syntax that doesn't require
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{:} to be a legal symbol \footnote{That is, for use within s-expression
|
|
|
|
|
syntax frameworks that, unlike \RnRS, don't allow for \ex{:} as a legal symbol.
|
|
|
|
|
A Common Lisp embedding of SREs, for example, would need to use
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{seq} instead of \ex{:}.}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006-03-23 05:55:01 -05:00
|
|
|
\paragraph{Choices}
|
2003-05-01 06:21:33 -04:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The SRE \ex{(| \var{sre} \ldots)} is a regexp that matches anything any of the
|
|
|
|
|
\var{sre} regexps match. So the regular expression
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(| "sasha" "Pete")\end{code}
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
matches either the string ``sasha'' or the string ``Pete''. The regexp
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(| ("aeiou") ("0123456789"))\end{code}
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
is the same as
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
("aeiou0123456789") \end{code}
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
The regexp \ex{(or \var{sre} \ldots)} is completely equivalent to
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{(| \var{sre} \ldots)};
|
|
|
|
|
it's included in order to have a syntax that doesn't require \ex{|} to be a
|
|
|
|
|
legal symbol.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\paragraph{Repetition}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are several SRE forms that match multiple occurences of a regular
|
|
|
|
|
expression. For example, the SRE \ex{(* \var{sre} \ldots)} matches zero or more
|
|
|
|
|
occurences of the sequence \ex{(: \var{sre} \ldots)}. Here is the complete list
|
|
|
|
|
of SRE repetition forms:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{inset}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{tabular}{llrr}
|
|
|
|
|
SRE & means & at least & no more than \\ \hline
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{(* \var{sre} \ldots)} &zero-or-more &0 &infinity \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{(+ \var{sre} \ldots)} &one-or-more &1 &infinity \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{(? \var{sre} \ldots)} &zero-or-one &0 &1 \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{(= \var{from} \var{sre} \ldots)} &exactly-n &\var{from} &\var{from} \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{(>= \var{from} \var{sre} \ldots)} &n-or-more &\var{from} &infinity \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{(** \var{from} \var{to} \var{sre} \ldots)} &n-to-m &\var{from} &\var{to}
|
|
|
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
|
|
|
\end{inset}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A \var{from} field is a Scheme expression that produces an integer.
|
|
|
|
|
A \var{to} field is a Scheme expression that produces either an integer,
|
|
|
|
|
or false, meaning infinity.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
While it is illegal for the \var{from} or \var{to} fields to be negative,
|
|
|
|
|
it \emph{is} allowed for \var{from} to be greater than \var{to} in a
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{**} form---this simply produces a regexp that will never match anything.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As an example, we can describe the names of car/cdr access functions
|
|
|
|
|
("car", "cdr", "cadr", "cdar", "caar" , "cddr", "caaadr", \etc) with
|
|
|
|
|
either of the SREs
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(: "c" (+ (| "a" "d")) "r")
|
|
|
|
|
(: "c" (+ ("ad")) "r")\end{code}
|
|
|
|
|
We can limit the a/d chains to 4 characters or less with the SRE
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(: "c" (** 1 4 ("ad")) "r")\end{code}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Some boundary cases:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(** 5 2 "foo") ; Will never match
|
|
|
|
|
(** 0 0 "foo") ; Matches the empty string\end{code}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\paragraph{Character classes}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There is a special set of SRE's that form ``character classes''---basically,
|
|
|
|
|
a regexp that matches one character from some specified set of characters.
|
|
|
|
|
There are operators to take the intersection, union, complement, and
|
|
|
|
|
difference of character classes to produce a new character class. (Except
|
|
|
|
|
for union, these capabilities are not provided for general regexps as they
|
|
|
|
|
are computationally intractable in the general case.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A single character is the simplest character class: \verb|#\x| is a character
|
|
|
|
|
class that matches only the character ``x''. A string that has only one
|
|
|
|
|
letter is also a character class: \ex{"x"} is the same SRE as \verb|#\x|.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The character-set notation \ex{(\var{string})} we've seen is a primitive character
|
|
|
|
|
class, as is the wildcard \ex{any}.
|
|
|
|
|
When arguments to the choice operator, \ex{|}, are
|
|
|
|
|
all character classes, then the choice form is itself a character-class.
|
|
|
|
|
So these SREs are all character-classes:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
("aeiou")
|
|
|
|
|
(| #\\a #\\e #\\i #\\o #\\u)
|
|
|
|
|
(| ("aeiou") ("1234567890"))\end{code}
|
|
|
|
|
However, these SRE's are \emph{not} character-classes:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
"aeiou"
|
|
|
|
|
(| "foo" #\\x)\end{code}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The \cd{(~ \var{cset-sre} \ldots)} char class matches one character
|
|
|
|
|
not in the specified classes:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(~ ("0248") ("1359"))\end{code}
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
matches any character that is not a digit.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
More compactly, we can use the \ex{/} operator to specify character sets by
|
|
|
|
|
giving the endpoints of contiguous ranges, where the endpoints are specified
|
|
|
|
|
by a sequence of strings and characters.
|
|
|
|
|
For example, any of these char classes
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{inset}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
|
(/ #\A #\Z #\a #\z #\0 #\9)
|
|
|
|
|
(/ "AZ" #\a #\z "09")
|
|
|
|
|
(/ "AZ" #\a "z09")
|
|
|
|
|
(/"AZaz09")
|
|
|
|
|
\end{verbatim}\end{inset}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
matches a letter or a digit. The range endpoints are taken in pairs to
|
|
|
|
|
form inclusive ranges of characters. Note that the exact set of characters
|
|
|
|
|
included in a range is dependent on the underlying implementation's
|
|
|
|
|
character type, so ranges may not be portable across different implementations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There is a wide selection of predefined, named character classes that may be
|
|
|
|
|
used. One such SRE is the wildcard \ex{any}.
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{nonl} is a character class matching anything but newline;
|
|
|
|
|
it is equivalent to
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{inset}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
|
(~ #\newline)
|
|
|
|
|
\end{verbatim}\end{inset}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
and is useful as a wildcard in line-oriented matching.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are also predefined named char classes for the standard Posix and Gnu
|
|
|
|
|
character classes:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{inset}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{tabular}{llll}
|
|
|
|
|
scsh name & Posix/ctype & Alternate name & Comment \\ \hline
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{lower-case} & \ex{lower} \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{upper-case} & \ex{upper} \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{alphabetic} & \ex{alpha} \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{numeric} & \ex{digit} & \ex{num} \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{alphanumeric} & \ex{alnum} & \ex{alphanum} \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{punctuation} & \ex{punct} \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{graphic} & \ex{graph} \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{blank} & (Gnu extension) \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{whitespace} & \ex{space} & \ex{white} & {``\ex{space}'' is deprecated.}\\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{printing} & \ex{print} \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{control} & \ex{cntrl} \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{hex-digit} & \ex{xdigit} & \ex{hex} \\
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{ascii} & (Gnu extension) \\
|
|
|
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
|
|
|
\end{inset}
|
|
|
|
|
See the scsh character-set documentation or the Posix isalpha(3) man page
|
|
|
|
|
for the exact definitions of these sets.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can use either the long scsh name or the shorter Posix and alternate names
|
|
|
|
|
to refer to these char classes.
|
|
|
|
|
The standard Posix name ``\ex{space}'' is provided,
|
|
|
|
|
but deprecated, since it is ambiguous. It means ``whitespace,'' the set of
|
|
|
|
|
whitespace characters, not the singleton set of the \verb|#\space| character.
|
|
|
|
|
If you want a short name for the set of whitespace characters, use the
|
|
|
|
|
char-class name ``white'' instead.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Char classes may be intersected with the operator
|
|
|
|
|
\cd{(& \var{cset-sre} \ldots)},
|
|
|
|
|
and set-difference can be performed with
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{(- \var{cset-sre} \ldots)}.
|
|
|
|
|
These operators are
|
|
|
|
|
particularly useful when you want to specify a set by negation
|
|
|
|
|
\emph{with respect to a limited universe.}
|
|
|
|
|
For example, the set of all non-vowel letters is
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(- alpha ("aeiou") ("AEIOU"))\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
whereas writing a simple complement
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(~ ("aeiouAEIOU"))\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
gives a char class that will match any non-vowel---including punctuation,
|
|
|
|
|
digits, white space, control characters, and \textsc{Ascii} nul.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We can \emph{compute} a char class by writing the SRE
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
,\var{cset-exp}\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
where \var{cset-exp} is a Scheme expression producing a value that can be
|
|
|
|
|
coerced to a character set: a character set, character, one-character
|
|
|
|
|
string, or char-class regexp value. This regexp matches one character
|
|
|
|
|
from the set.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The char-class SRE \cd{,@\var{cset-exp}} is entirely equivalent to
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{,\var{cset-exp}}
|
|
|
|
|
when \var{cset-exp} produces a character set (but see below for the more
|
|
|
|
|
general non-char-class context, where there \emph{is} a distinction between
|
|
|
|
|
\cd{,\var{exp}} and \cd{,@\var{exp}}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As an example of character-class SREs,
|
|
|
|
|
an SRE that matches a lower-case vowel, upper-case letter, or digit is
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(| ("aeiou") (/"AZ09"))\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
or, equivalently
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(| ("aeiou") upper-case numeric)\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
Boundary cases: the empty-complement char class
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(~)\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
matches any character; it is equivalent to \ex{any}.
|
|
|
|
|
The empty-union char class
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(|)\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
never matches at all. This is rarely useful for human-written regexps,
|
|
|
|
|
but may be of occasional utility in machine-generated regexps, perhaps
|
|
|
|
|
produced by macros.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The rules for determining if an SRE is a simple, char-class SRE or a
|
|
|
|
|
more complex SRE form a little ``type system'' for SRE's. See the summary
|
|
|
|
|
section preceding this one for a complete listing of these rules.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\note{There is no way to include the ASCII NUL character in a
|
|
|
|
|
character set or search for it in any other way using regular
|
|
|
|
|
expression. This is because the POSIX regexp facility is based on
|
|
|
|
|
the C language which uses ASCII NUL to terminate strings.}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\paragraph{Case sensitivity}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are three forms that control case sensitivity:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(uncase \var{sre} \ldots)
|
|
|
|
|
(w/case \var{sre} \ldots)
|
|
|
|
|
(w/nocase \var{sre} \ldots)\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{uncase} is a regexp operator producing a regexp that matches any
|
|
|
|
|
case permutation of any string that matches \ex{(: \var{sre} \ldots)}.
|
|
|
|
|
For example, the regexp
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(uncase "foo")\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
matches the strings ``foo'', ``foO'', ``fOo'', ``fOO'', ``Foo'', \ldots
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expressions in SRE notation are interpreted in a lexical case-sensitivy
|
|
|
|
|
context. The forms \ex{w/case} and \ex{w/nocase} are the scoping operators
|
|
|
|
|
for this context, which controls how constant strings and char-class forms are
|
|
|
|
|
interpreted in their bodies. So, for example, the regexp
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(w/nocase "abc"
|
|
|
|
|
(* "FOO" (w/case "Bar"))
|
|
|
|
|
("aeiou"))\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
defines a case-insensitive match for all of its elements except for the
|
|
|
|
|
sub-element "Bar", which must match exactly capital-B, little-a, little-r.
|
|
|
|
|
The default, the outermost, top-level context is case sensitive.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The lexical case-sensitivity context affects the interpretation of
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
|
|
\item constant strings, such as \ex{"foo"},
|
|
|
|
|
\item chars, such as \verb|#\x|,
|
|
|
|
|
\item char sets, such as \ex{("abc")}, and
|
|
|
|
|
\item ranges, such as \ex{(/"az")}
|
|
|
|
|
that appear within that context. It does not affect dynamically computed
|
|
|
|
|
regexps---ones that are introduced by ,\var{exp} and ,@\var{exp} forms.
|
|
|
|
|
It does not affect named char-classes---presumably,
|
|
|
|
|
if you wrote \ex{lower}, you didn't mean \ex{alpha}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{uncase} is \emph{not} the same as \ex{w/nocase}.
|
|
|
|
|
To point up one distinction, consider the two regexps
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(uncase (~ "a"))
|
|
|
|
|
(w/nocase (~ "a"))\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The regexp \cd{(~ "a")} matches any character except ``a,''
|
|
|
|
|
which means it \emph{does} match ``A.''
|
|
|
|
|
Now, \ex{(uncase \var{re})} matches any case-permutation of a string that
|
|
|
|
|
\var{re} matches.
|
|
|
|
|
\cd{(~ "a")} matches ``A,''
|
|
|
|
|
so \cd{(uncase (~ "a"))} matches ``A'' and ``a''---and,
|
|
|
|
|
for that matter, every other character.
|
|
|
|
|
So \cd{(uncase (~ "a"))} is equivalent to \ex{any}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In contrast, \cd{(w/nocase (~ "a"))} establishes a case-insensitive lexical
|
|
|
|
|
context in which the \cd{"a"} is interpreted, making the SRE equivalent to
|
|
|
|
|
\cd{(~ ("aA"))}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\paragraph{Dynamic regexps}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SRE notation allows you to compute parts of a regular expressions
|
|
|
|
|
at run time. The SRE
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
,\var{exp}\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
is a regexp whose body \var{exp} is a Scheme expression producing a
|
|
|
|
|
string, character, char-set, or regexp as its value. Strings and
|
|
|
|
|
characters are converted into constant regexps; char-sets are converted
|
|
|
|
|
into char-class regexps; and regexp values are substituted in place.
|
|
|
|
|
So we can write regexps like this
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(: "feeding the "
|
|
|
|
|
,(if (> n 1) "geese" "goose"))\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
This is how you can drop computed strings, such as someone's name,
|
|
|
|
|
or the decimal numeral for a computed number, into a complex regexp.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If we have a large, complex regular expression that is used multiple
|
|
|
|
|
times in some other, containing regular expression, we can name it, using
|
|
|
|
|
the binding forms of the embedding language (\eg, Scheme), and refer to
|
|
|
|
|
it by name in the containing expression.
|
|
|
|
|
For example, consider the Scheme expression
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(let* ((ws (rx (+ whitespace))) ; Seq of whitespace
|
|
|
|
|
;; Something like "Mar 14"
|
|
|
|
|
(date (rx (: (| "Jan" "Feb" "Mar" {\ldots})
|
|
|
|
|
,ws
|
|
|
|
|
(| ("123456789") ; 1-9
|
|
|
|
|
(: ("12") digit) ; 10-29
|
|
|
|
|
"30" ; 30
|
|
|
|
|
"31"))))) ; 31
|
|
|
|
|
;; Now we can use DATE several times:
|
|
|
|
|
(rx {\ldots} ,date {\ldots} (* {\ldots} ,date {\ldots})
|
|
|
|
|
{\ldots} ,date {\ldots}))\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
where the \ex{(rx \var{sre} \ldots)}
|
|
|
|
|
macro is the Scheme special form that produces
|
|
|
|
|
a Scheme regexp value given a body in SRE notation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As we saw in the char-class section, if a dynamic regexp is used
|
|
|
|
|
in a char-class context (\eg, as an argument to a \verb|~| operation),
|
|
|
|
|
the expression must be coercable not merely to a general regexp,
|
|
|
|
|
but to a character sre---so it must be either a singleton string,
|
|
|
|
|
a character, a scsh char set, or a char-class regexp.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We can also define and use functions on regexps in the host language.
|
|
|
|
|
For example, consider the following Scheme expressions, containing
|
|
|
|
|
embedded SRE's (inside the \ex{rx} macro expressions)
|
|
|
|
|
which in term contain embedded Scheme expressions computing dynamic regexps:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(define (csl re)
|
|
|
|
|
;; A comma-separated list of RE's is either
|
|
|
|
|
(rx (| "" ; zero of them (empty string),
|
|
|
|
|
(: ,re ; or RE followed by
|
|
|
|
|
(* ", " ,re))))); zero or more comma-space-RE matches.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(rx ... ,date ...
|
|
|
|
|
,(csl (rx (| "John" "Paul" "George" "Ringo")))
|
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
,(csl date)
|
|
|
|
|
...)\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
We leave the extension of \ex{csl} to allow for an optional ``and'' between
|
|
|
|
|
the last two matches as an exercise for the interested reader (\eg, to match
|
|
|
|
|
``John, Paul, George and Ringo'').
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note, in passing, one of the nice features of SRE notation: they can
|
|
|
|
|
be commented, and indented in a fashion to show the lexical extent of
|
|
|
|
|
the subexpressions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When we embed a computed regexp inside another regular expression with
|
|
|
|
|
the ,\var{exp} form, we must specify how to account for the submatches that
|
|
|
|
|
may be in the computed part. For example, suppose we have the regexp
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(rx (submatch (* "foo"))
|
|
|
|
|
(submatch (? "bar"))
|
|
|
|
|
,(f x)
|
|
|
|
|
(submatch "baz"))\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
It's clear that the submatch for the \ex{(* "foo")} part of the regexp is
|
|
|
|
|
submatch \#1, and the \ex{(? "bar")} part is submatch \#2. But what number
|
|
|
|
|
submatch is the \ex{"baz"} submatch? It's not clear. Suppose the Scheme
|
|
|
|
|
expression \ex{(f x)} produces a regular expression that itself has 3
|
|
|
|
|
subforms. Are these counted (making the \ex{"baz"} submatch \#6), or not
|
|
|
|
|
counted (making the \ex{"bar"} submatch \#3)?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SRE notation provides for both possibilities. The SRE
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
,\var{exp}\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
does \emph{not} contribute its submatches to its containing regexp; it
|
|
|
|
|
has zero submatches. So one can reliably assign submatch indices to
|
|
|
|
|
forms appearing after a \ex{,\var{exp}} form in a regexp.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On the other hand, the SRE
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
,@\var{exp}\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
``splices'' its resulting regexp into place, \emph{exposing} its submatches
|
|
|
|
|
to the containing regexp. This is useful if the computed regexp is defined
|
|
|
|
|
to produce a certain number of submatches---if that is part of \var{exp}'s
|
|
|
|
|
``contract.''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\paragraph{String and line units}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The regexps \ex{bos} and \ex{eos} match the empty string at the
|
|
|
|
|
beginning and end of the string, respectively.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The regexps \ex{bol} and \ex{eol} match the empty string at the beginning and
|
|
|
|
|
end of a line, respectively. A line begins at the beginning of the string, and
|
|
|
|
|
just after every newline character. A line ends at the end of the string, and
|
|
|
|
|
just before every newline character. The char class \ex{nonl} matches any
|
|
|
|
|
character except newline, and is useful in conjunction with line-based pattern
|
|
|
|
|
matching.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\note{\ex{bol} and \ex{eol} are not supported by scsh's current
|
|
|
|
|
regexp search engine, which is Spencer's Posix matcher. This is the only
|
|
|
|
|
element of the notation that is not supported by the current scsh
|
|
|
|
|
reference implementation.}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
%\paragraph{Miscellaneous elements}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\paragraph{Posix string notation}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The SRE \ex{(posix-string \var{string})},
|
|
|
|
|
where \var{string} is a string literal
|
|
|
|
|
(\emph{not} a general Scheme expression), allows one to use Posix string
|
|
|
|
|
notation for a regexp. It's intended as backwards compatibility and
|
|
|
|
|
is deprecated.
|
|
|
|
|
For example, \verb!(posix-string "[aeiou]+|x*|y{3,5}")! matches
|
|
|
|
|
a string of vowels, a possibly empty string of x's, or three to five
|
|
|
|
|
y's.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that parentheses are used ambiguously in Posix notation---both for
|
|
|
|
|
grouping and submatch marking.
|
|
|
|
|
The \ex{(posix-string \var{string})} form makes the conservative assumption:
|
|
|
|
|
all parentheses introduce submatches.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\paragraph{Deleted submatches}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deleted submatches, or ``DSM's,''
|
|
|
|
|
are a subtle feature that are never required in expressions written
|
|
|
|
|
by humans. They can be introduced by the simplifier when reducing
|
|
|
|
|
regular expressions to simpler equivalents, and are included in the
|
|
|
|
|
syntax to give it expressibility spanning the full regexp ADT. They
|
|
|
|
|
may appear when unparsing simplified regular expressions that have
|
|
|
|
|
been run through the simplifier; otherwise you are not likely to see them.
|
|
|
|
|
Feel free to skip this section.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The regexp simplifier can sometimes eliminate entire sub-expressions from a
|
|
|
|
|
regexp. For example, the regexp
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(: "foo" (** 0 0 "apple") "bar")\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
can be simplified to
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
"foobar"\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
since \ex{(** 0 0 "apple")} will always match the empty string. The regexp
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(| "foo"
|
|
|
|
|
(: "Richard" (|) "Nixon")
|
|
|
|
|
"bar")\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
can be simplified to
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(| "foo" "bar")\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
The empty choice \ex{(|)} can't match anything, so the whole
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(: "Richard" (|) "Nixon")\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
sequence can't match, and we can remove it from the choice.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
However, if deleting part of a regular expression removes a submatch
|
|
|
|
|
form, any following submatch forms will have their numbering changed,
|
|
|
|
|
which would be an error. For example, if we simplify
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(: (** 0 0 (submatch "apple"))
|
|
|
|
|
(submatch "bar"))\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
to
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(submatch "bar")\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
then the \ex{"bar"} submatch changes from submatch \#2 to submatch \#1---so
|
|
|
|
|
this is not a legal simplification.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When the simplifier deletes a sub-regexp that contains submatches,
|
|
|
|
|
it introduces a special regexp form to account for the missing,
|
|
|
|
|
deleted submatches, thus keeping the submatch accounting correct.
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(dsm \var{pre} \var{post} \var{sre} \ldots)\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
is a regexp that matches the sequence \ex{(: \var{sre} \ldots)}.
|
|
|
|
|
\var{pre} and \var{post} are integer constants.
|
|
|
|
|
The DSM form introduces \var{pre} deleted
|
|
|
|
|
submatches before the body, and \var{post} deleted submatches after the
|
|
|
|
|
body.
|
|
|
|
|
If the body \var{(: \var{sre} \ldots)} itself has \var{body-sm} submatches,
|
|
|
|
|
then the total number of submatches for the DSM form is
|
|
|
|
|
$$\var{pre} + \var{body-sm} + \var{post}.$$
|
|
|
|
|
These extra, deleted submatches are never assigned string indices in any
|
|
|
|
|
match values produced when matching the regexp against a string.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As examples,
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(| (: (submatch "Richard") (|) "Nixon")
|
|
|
|
|
(submatch "bar"))\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
can be simplified to
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(dsm 1 0 (submatch "bar"))\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
The regexp
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(: (** 0 0 (submatch "apple"))
|
|
|
|
|
(submatch "bar"))\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
can be simplified to
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(dsm 1 0 (submatch "bar"))\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Embedding regexps within Scheme programs}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SRE's can be placed in a Scheme program using the \ex{(rx \var{sre} \ldots) }
|
|
|
|
|
Scheme form, which evaluates to a Scheme regexp value.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsubsection{Static and dynamic regexps}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We separate SRE expressions into two classes: static and dynamic
|
|
|
|
|
expressions.
|
|
|
|
|
A \emph{static} expression is one that has no run-time dependencies;
|
|
|
|
|
it is a complete, self-contained description of a regular set.
|
|
|
|
|
A \emph{dynamic} expression is one that requires run-time computation to
|
|
|
|
|
determine the particular regular set being described.
|
|
|
|
|
There are two places where one can
|
|
|
|
|
embed run-time computations in an SRE:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
|
|
\item The \var{from} or \var{to} repetition counts of
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{**}, \ex{=}, and \ex{>=} forms;
|
|
|
|
|
\item \ex{,\var{exp}} and \ex{,@\var{exp}} forms.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A static SRE is one that does not contain any \ex{,\var{exp}} or
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{,@\var{exp}} forms,
|
|
|
|
|
and whose \ex{**}, \ex{=}, and \ex{>=} forms all contain constant
|
|
|
|
|
repetition counts.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scsh's \ex{rx} macro is able, at macro-expansion time, to completely parse,
|
|
|
|
|
simplify and translate any static SRE into the equivalent Posix string
|
|
|
|
|
which is used to drive the underlying C-based matching engine; there is
|
|
|
|
|
no run-time overhead. Dynamic SRE's are partially simplified and then expanded
|
|
|
|
|
into Scheme code that constructs the regexp at run-time.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
|
|
\section{Regexp functions}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Obsolete, deprecated procedures}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
These two procedures are survivors from the previous, now-obsolete scsh regexp
|
|
|
|
|
interface. Old code must open the \ex{re-old-funs} package to access them. They
|
|
|
|
|
should not be used in new code.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun{string-match}{posix-re-string string [start]}{match or false}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{make-regexp}{posix-re-string}{regexp}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
These are old functions included for backwards compatibility with
|
|
|
|
|
previous releases. They are deprecated and will go away at some point in
|
|
|
|
|
the future.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that the new release has no ``regexp compiling'' procedure at
|
|
|
|
|
all---regexp values are compiled for the matching engine on-demand,
|
|
|
|
|
and the necessary data structures are cached inside the ADT values.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Standard procedures and syntax}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\dfn{rx}{sre \ldots}{regexp}{Syntax}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
This allows you to describe a regexp value with SRE notation.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun{regexp?}{x}{\boolean}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
Returns true if the value is a regular expression.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun{regexp-search}{re string [start flags]}{match-data or false}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{regexp-search?}{re string [start flags]}{\boolean}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
Search \var{string} starting at position \var{start}, looking for a match
|
|
|
|
|
for regexp \var{re}. If a match is found, return a match structure describing
|
|
|
|
|
the match, otherwise {\sharpf}. \var{Start} defaults to 0.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\var{Flags} is the bitwise-or of \ex{regexp/bos-not-bol} and
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{regexp/eos-not-eol}.
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{regexp/bos-not-bol} means the beginning of the string isn't a
|
|
|
|
|
line-begin. \ex{regexp/eos-not-eol} is analogous.
|
|
|
|
|
\note{They're currently ignored because
|
|
|
|
|
begining/end-of-line anchors aren't supported by the current
|
|
|
|
|
implementation.}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Use \ex{regexp-search?} when you don't need submatch information, as
|
|
|
|
|
it has the potential to be \emph{significantly} faster on
|
|
|
|
|
submatch-containing regexps.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There is no longer a separate regexp ``compilation'' function; regexp
|
|
|
|
|
values are compiled for the C engine on demand, and the resulting
|
|
|
|
|
C structures are cached in the regexp structure after the first use.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun {match:start}{m [i]}{{\integer} or false}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{match:end}{ m [i]}{{\integer} or false}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{match:substring}{m [i]}{{\str} or false}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{match:start} returns the start position of the submatch denoted by
|
|
|
|
|
\var{match-number}.
|
|
|
|
|
The whole regexp is 0; positive integers index submatches in the
|
|
|
|
|
regexp, counting left-to-right.
|
|
|
|
|
\var{Match-number} defaults to 0.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If the regular expression matches as a whole,
|
|
|
|
|
but a particular sub-expression does not match, then
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{match:start} returns {\sharpf}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{match:end} is analogous to \ex{match:start}, returning the end
|
|
|
|
|
position of the indexed submatch.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{match:substring} returns the substring matched regexp's submatch.
|
|
|
|
|
If there was no match for the indexed submatch, it returns false.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun{regexp-substitute}{port-or-false match . items}{\object}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
This procedure can be used to perform string substitutions based on
|
|
|
|
|
regular-expression matches.
|
|
|
|
|
The results of the substitution can be either output to a port or
|
|
|
|
|
returned as a string.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The \var{match} argument is a regular-expression match structure
|
|
|
|
|
that controls the substitution.
|
|
|
|
|
If \var{port} is an output port, the \var{items} are written out to
|
|
|
|
|
the port:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
|
|
\item If an item is a string, it is copied directly to the port.
|
|
|
|
|
\item If an item is an integer, the corresponding submatch from \var{match}
|
|
|
|
|
is written to the port.
|
|
|
|
|
\item If an item is \ex{'pre},
|
|
|
|
|
the prefix of the matched string (the text preceding the match)
|
|
|
|
|
is written to the port.
|
|
|
|
|
\item If an item is \ex{'post},
|
|
|
|
|
the suffix of the matched string is written.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If \var{port} is {\sharpf}, nothing is written, and a string is constructed
|
|
|
|
|
and returned instead.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% An item is a string (copied verbatim), integer (match index),
|
|
|
|
|
% \ex{'pre} (chars before the match), or \ex{'post} (chars after the match).
|
|
|
|
|
% Passing false for the port means return a string.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun{regexp-substitute/global}{port-or-false re str . items}{\object}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
% Same as above, except \ex{'post} item means recurse
|
|
|
|
|
% on post-match substring.
|
|
|
|
|
% If \var{re} doesn't match \var{str}, returns \var{str.}
|
|
|
|
|
This procedure is similar to \ex{regexp-substitute},
|
|
|
|
|
but can be used to perform repeated match/substitute operations over
|
|
|
|
|
a string.
|
|
|
|
|
It has the following differences with \ex{regexp-substitute}:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
|
|
\item It takes a regular expression and string to be matched as
|
|
|
|
|
parameters, instead of a completed match structure.
|
|
|
|
|
\item If the regular expression doesn't match the string, this
|
|
|
|
|
procedure is the identity transform---it returns or outputs the
|
|
|
|
|
string.
|
|
|
|
|
\item If an item is \ex{'post}, the procedure recurses on the suffix string
|
|
|
|
|
(the text from \var{string} following the match).
|
|
|
|
|
Including a \ex{'post} in the list of items is how one gets multiple
|
|
|
|
|
match/substitution operations.
|
|
|
|
|
\item If an item is a procedure, it is applied to the match structure for
|
|
|
|
|
a given match.
|
|
|
|
|
The procedure returns a string to be used in the result.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
|
The \var{regexp} parameter can be either a compiled regular expression or
|
|
|
|
|
a string specifying a regular expression.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Some examples:
|
|
|
|
|
{\small
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{widecode}
|
|
|
|
|
;;; Replace occurrences of "Cotton" with "Jin".
|
|
|
|
|
(regexp-substitute/global #f (rx "Cotton") s
|
|
|
|
|
'pre "Jin" 'post)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
;;; mm/dd/yy -> dd/mm/yy date conversion.
|
|
|
|
|
(regexp-substitute/global #f (rx (submatch (+ digit)) "/" ; 1 = M
|
|
|
|
|
(submatch (+ digit)) "/" ; 2 = D
|
|
|
|
|
(submatch (+ digit))) ; 3 = Y
|
|
|
|
|
s ; Source string
|
|
|
|
|
'pre 2 "/" 1 "/" 3 'post)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
;;; "9/29/61" -> "Sep 29, 1961" date conversion.
|
|
|
|
|
(regexp-substitute/global #f (rx (submatch (+ digit)) "/" ; 1 = M
|
|
|
|
|
(submatch (+ digit)) "/" ; 2 = D
|
|
|
|
|
(submatch (+ digit))) ; 3 = Y
|
|
|
|
|
s ; Source string
|
|
|
|
|
'pre
|
|
|
|
|
;; Sleazy converter -- ignores "year 2000" issue,
|
|
|
|
|
;; and blows up if month is out of range.
|
|
|
|
|
(lambda (m)
|
|
|
|
|
(let ((mon (vector-ref '#("Jan" "Feb" "Mar" "Apr" "May" "Jun"
|
|
|
|
|
"Jul" "Aug" "Sep" "Oct" "Nov" "Dec")
|
|
|
|
|
(- (string->number (match:substring m 1)) 1)))
|
|
|
|
|
(day (match:substring m 2))
|
|
|
|
|
(year (match:substring m 3)))
|
|
|
|
|
(string-append mon " " day ", 19" year)))
|
|
|
|
|
'post)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
;;; Remove potentially offensive substrings from string S.
|
|
|
|
|
(define (kill-matches re s)
|
|
|
|
|
(regexp-substitute/global #f re s 'pre 'post))
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(kill-matches (rx (| "Windows" "tcl" "Intel")) s) ; Protect the children.\end{widecode}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun{regexp-fold}{re kons knil s [finish start]}{\object}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
The following definition is a bit unwieldy, but the intuition is
|
|
|
|
|
simple:
|
|
|
|
|
this procedure uses the regexp \var{re} to divide up string \var{s} into
|
|
|
|
|
non-matching/matching chunks, and then ``folds'' the procedure \var{kons}
|
|
|
|
|
across this sequence of chunks. It is useful when you wish to operate
|
|
|
|
|
on a string in sub-units defined by some regular expression, as are
|
|
|
|
|
the related \ex{regexp-fold-right} and \ex{regexp-for-each} procedures.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Search from \var{start} (defaulting to 0) for a match to \var{re}; call
|
|
|
|
|
this match \var{m}. Let \var{i} be the index of the end of the match
|
|
|
|
|
(that is, \ex{(match:end \var{m} 0))}. Loop as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{tightcode}
|
|
|
|
|
(regexp-fold \var{re} \var{kons} (\var{kons} \var{start} \var{m} \var{knil}) \var{s} \var{finish} \var{i})\end{tightcode}
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
If there is no match, return instead
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{tightcode}
|
|
|
|
|
(\var{finish} \var{start} \var{knil})\end{tightcode}
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
\var{Finish} defaults to \ex{(lambda (i knil) knil)}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In other words, we divide up \var{s} into a sequence of
|
|
|
|
|
non-matching/matching chunks:
|
|
|
|
|
$$ \vari{NM}1 \; \vari{M}1 \; \vari{NM}1 \; \vari{M}2 \; {\ldots} \;
|
|
|
|
|
\vari{NM}{k-1} \; \vari{M}{k-1} \; \vari{NM}k $$
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
where \vari{NM}1 is the initial part of \var{s} that isn't matched by
|
|
|
|
|
the regexp \var{re}, \vari{M}1 is the
|
|
|
|
|
first match, \vari{NM}2 is the following part of \var{s} that
|
|
|
|
|
isn't matched, \vari{M}2 is the second match,
|
|
|
|
|
and so forth---\vari{NM}k is the final non-matching chunk of
|
|
|
|
|
\var{s}.
|
|
|
|
|
We apply \var{kons} from left to right to build up a result, passing it one
|
|
|
|
|
non-matching/matching chunk each time:
|
|
|
|
|
on an application \ex{(\var{kons} \var{i} \var{m} \var{knil})},
|
|
|
|
|
the non-matching chunk goes from \var{i} to \ex{(match:begin \var{m} 0)},
|
|
|
|
|
and the following matching chunk goes from \ex{(match:begin \var{m} 0)}
|
|
|
|
|
to \ex{(match:end \var{m} 0)}. The last non-matching chunk \vari{NM}k
|
|
|
|
|
is processed by \var{k}. So the computation we perform is
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{centercode}
|
|
|
|
|
(\var{final} \var{Q} (\var{kons} \vari{j}{k} \vari{M}{k} {\ldots} (\var{kons} \vari{J}{1} \vari{M}{1} \var{knil}) \ldots))\end{centercode}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
where \vari{J}{i} is the index of the start of \vari{NM}{i},
|
|
|
|
|
\vari{M}{i} is a match value describing \vari{M}{i},
|
|
|
|
|
and \var{Q} is the index of the beginning of \vari{NM}k.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hint: The \ex{let-match} macro is frequently useful for operating on the
|
|
|
|
|
match value \var{M} passed to the \var{kons} function.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun{regexp-fold-right}{re kons knil s [finish start]}\object
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
The right-to-left variant of \ex{regexp-fold}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This procedure repeatedly matches regexp \var{re} across string \var{s}.
|
|
|
|
|
This divides \var{s} up into a sequence of matching/non-matching chunks:
|
|
|
|
|
$$ \vari{NM}1 \; \vari{M}1 \; \vari{NM}1 \; \vari{M}2 \; {\ldots} \;
|
|
|
|
|
\vari{NM}{k-1} \; \vari{M}{k-1} \; \vari{NM}k $$
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
where \vari{NM}1 is the initial part of \var{s} that isn't matched by
|
|
|
|
|
the regexp \var{re}, \vari{M}1 is the
|
|
|
|
|
first match, \vari{NM}2 is the following part of \var{s} that
|
|
|
|
|
isn't matched, \vari{M}2 is the second match,
|
|
|
|
|
and so forth---\vari{NM}k is the final non-matching chunk of
|
|
|
|
|
\var{s}.
|
|
|
|
|
We apply \var{kons} from right to left to build up a result, passing it one
|
|
|
|
|
non-matching/matching chunk each time:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{centercode}
|
|
|
|
|
(\var{final} \var{Q} (\var{kons} \vari{M}{1} \vari{j}{1} {\ldots} (\var{kons} \vari{M}{k} \vari{J}{k} \var{knil}) \ldots))\end{centercode}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
where MTCHi is a match value describing Mi, Ji is the index of the end of
|
|
|
|
|
NMi (or, equivalently, the beginning of Mi+1), and Q is the index of the
|
|
|
|
|
beginning of M1. In other words, KONS is passed a match, an index
|
|
|
|
|
describing the following non-matching text, and the value produced by
|
|
|
|
|
folding the following text. The FINAL function "polishes off" the fold
|
|
|
|
|
operation by handling the initial chunk of non-matching text (NM0, above).
|
|
|
|
|
FINISH defaults to (lambda (i knil) knil)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Example: To pick out all the matches to \var{re} in \var{s}, say
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(regexp-fold-right re
|
|
|
|
|
(\l{m i lis}
|
|
|
|
|
(cons (match:substring m 0) lis))
|
|
|
|
|
'() s)\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
Hint: The \ex{let-match} macro is frequently useful for operating on the
|
|
|
|
|
match value \var{m} passed to the \ex{kons} function.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun{regexp-for-each}{re proc s [start]}{\undefined}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
Repeatedly match regexp \var{re} against string \var{s}.
|
|
|
|
|
Apply \var{proc} to each match that is produced.
|
|
|
|
|
Matches do not overlap.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hint: The \ex{let-match} macro is frequently useful for operating on the
|
|
|
|
|
match value \var{m} passed to var{proc}.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\dfn{let-match}{match-exp mvars body \ldots}{\object}{Syntax}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{if-match}{match-exp mvars on-match no-match}{\object}{Syntax}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
\var{Mvars} is a list of vars that is bound to the match and submatches
|
|
|
|
|
of the string; \verb|#F| is allowed as a don't-care element. For example,
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(let-match (regexp-search date s) (whole-date month day year)
|
|
|
|
|
{\ldots} \var{body} {\ldots})\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
matches the regexp against string \ex{s}, then evaluates the body of the
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{let-match} in a scope where \ex{whole-date} is bound to the matched
|
|
|
|
|
string, and \ex{month}, \ex{day} and \ex{year} are bound to the first,
|
|
|
|
|
second and third submatches.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{if-match} is similar, but if the match expression is false,
|
|
|
|
|
then the \var{no-match} expression is evaluated; this would be an
|
|
|
|
|
error in \ex{let-match}.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\dfn{match-cond}{clause \ldots}{\object}{Syntax}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
This macro allows one to conditionally attempt a sequence of pattern
|
|
|
|
|
matches, interspersed with other, general conditional tests.
|
|
|
|
|
There are four kinds of \ex{match-cond} clause, one introducing a pattern
|
|
|
|
|
match, and the other three simply being regular \ex{cond}-style clauses,
|
|
|
|
|
marked by the \ex{test} and \ex{else} keywords:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
|
|
|
(match-cond (\var{match-exp} \var{match-vars} \var{body} \ldots) ; As in if-match
|
|
|
|
|
(test \var{exp} \var{body} \ldots) ; As in cond
|
|
|
|
|
(test \var{exp} => \var{proc}) ; As in cond
|
|
|
|
|
(else \var{body} \ldots)) ; As in cond\end{code}%
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun {flush-submatches}{re}{re}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{uncase}{re}{re}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{simplify-regexp}{re}{re}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{uncase-char-set}{cset}{re}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{uncase-string}{str}{re}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
These functions map regexps and char sets to other regexps.
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{flush-submatches} returns a regexp which matches exactly what
|
|
|
|
|
its argument matches, but contains no submatches.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{uncase} returns a regexp that matches any case-permutation of
|
|
|
|
|
its argument regexp.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{simplify-regexp} applies the simplifier to its argument.
|
|
|
|
|
This is done automatically when compiling regular expressions,
|
|
|
|
|
so this is only useful for programmers that are directly examining
|
|
|
|
|
the ADT value with lower-level accessors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{uncase-char-set} maps a char set to a regular expression that
|
|
|
|
|
matches any character from that set, regardless of case.
|
|
|
|
|
Similarly, \ex{uncase-string} returns a regexp that matches any
|
|
|
|
|
case-permutation of the string. For example,
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{(uncase-string "Knight")} returns the same value that
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{(rx ("kK") ("nN") ("iI") ("gG") ("hH") ("tT"))}
|
|
|
|
|
or \ex{(rx (w/nocase "Knight"))}.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun {sre->regexp}{sre}{re}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{regexp->sre}{re}{sre}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
These are the SRE parser and unparser.
|
|
|
|
|
That is, \ex{sre->regexp} maps an SRE to a regexp value, and
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{regexp->sre} does the inverse.
|
|
|
|
|
The latter function can be useful for printing out regexps in a
|
|
|
|
|
readable format.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{widecode}
|
|
|
|
|
(sre->regexp '(: "Olin " (? "G. ") "Shivers")) {\evalto} \var{regexp}
|
|
|
|
|
(define re (re-seq (re-string "Pete ")
|
|
|
|
|
(re-repeat 1 #f (re-string "Sz"))
|
|
|
|
|
(re-string "ilagyi")))
|
|
|
|
|
(regexp->sre (re-repeat 0 1 re))
|
|
|
|
|
{\evalto} '(? "Pete" (+ "Sz") "ilagyi")\end{widecode}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun {posix-string->regexp}{string}{re}
|
2003-10-28 07:10:03 -05:00
|
|
|
\defunx{regexp->posix-string}{re}{[string syntax-level paren-count submatches-vector]}
|
2003-05-01 06:21:33 -04:00
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
These two functions are the Posix notation parser and unparser.
|
|
|
|
|
That is, \ex{posix-string->regexp} maps a Posix-notation regular
|
|
|
|
|
expression, such as \ex{"g(ee|oo)se"}, to a regexp value, and
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{regexp->posix-string} does the inverse.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can use these tools to map between scsh regexps and Posix
|
|
|
|
|
regexp strings, which can be useful if you want to do conversion
|
|
|
|
|
between SRE's and Posix form. For example, you can write a particularly
|
|
|
|
|
complex regexp in SRE form, or compute it using the ADT constructors,
|
|
|
|
|
then convert to Posix form, print it out, cut and paste it into a
|
|
|
|
|
C or emacs lisp program. Or you can import an old regexp from some other
|
|
|
|
|
program, parse it into an ADT value, render it to an SRE, print it out,
|
|
|
|
|
then cut and paste it into a scsh program.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note:\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
|
|
\item The string parser doesn't handle the exotica of character class
|
|
|
|
|
names such as \verb|[[:alnum:]]|; the current implementation was written
|
|
|
|
|
in in three hours.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\section{The regexp ADT}
|
|
|
|
|
The following functions may be used to construct and examine scsh's
|
|
|
|
|
regexp abstract data type. They are in the following Scheme 48 packages:
|
|
|
|
|
re-adt-lib
|
|
|
|
|
re-lib
|
|
|
|
|
scsh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Each basic class of regexp has a predicate, a basic constructor,
|
|
|
|
|
a ``smart'' consructor that performs limited ``peephole'' optimisation
|
|
|
|
|
on its arguments, and a set of accessors.
|
|
|
|
|
The \ex{\ldots:tsm} accessor returns the total number of submatches
|
|
|
|
|
contained in the regular expression.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\dfn {re-seq?}{x}{boolean}{Type predicate}
|
2003-10-28 07:10:03 -05:00
|
|
|
\dfnx{make-re-seq}{re-list}{re}{Basic constructor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-seq}{re-list}{re}{Smart constructor}
|
2003-05-01 06:21:33 -04:00
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-seq:elts}{re}{re-list}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-seq:tsm}{re}{integer}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\dfn {re-choice?}{x}{boolean}{Type predicate}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{make-re-choice}{re-list}{re}{Basic constructor}
|
2003-10-28 07:10:03 -05:00
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-choice}{re-list}{re}{Smart constructor}
|
2003-05-01 06:21:33 -04:00
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-choice:elts}{re}{re-list}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-choice:tsm}{re}{integer}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\dfn {re-repeat?}{x}{boolean}{Type predicate}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{make-re-repeat}{from to body}{re}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-repeat:from}{re}{integer}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-repeat:to}{re}{integer}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-repeat:tsm}{re}{integer}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\dfn {re-submatch?}{x}{boolean}{Type predicate}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{make-re-submatch}{body [pre-dsm post-dsm]}{re}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-submatch:pre-dsm}{re}{integer}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-submatch:post-dsm}{re}{integer}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-submatch:tsm}{re}{integer}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\dfn {re-string?}{x}{boolean}{Type predicate}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{make-re-string}{chars}{re}{Basic constructor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-string}{chars}{re}{Basic constructor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-string:chars}{re}{string}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\dfn {re-char-set?}{x}{boolean}{Type predicate}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{make-re-char-set}{cset}{re}{Basic constructor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-char-set}{cset}{re}{Basic constructor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-char-set:cset}{re}{char-set}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\dfn {re-dsm?}{x}{boolean}{Type predicate}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{make-re-dsm}{body pre-dsm post-dsm}{re}{Basic constructor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-dsm}{body pre-dsm post-dsm}{re}{Smart constructor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-dsm:body}{re}{re}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-dsm:pre-dsm}{re}{integer}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-dsm:post-dsm}{re}{integer}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
\dfnx{re-dsm:tsm}{re}{integer}{Accessor}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defvar {re-bos}{regexp}
|
|
|
|
|
\defvarx{re-eos}{regexp}
|
|
|
|
|
\defvarx{re-bol}{regexp}
|
|
|
|
|
\defvarx{re-eol}{regexp}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
These variables are bound to the primitive anchor regexps.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun {re-bos?}{\object}{\boolean}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{re-eos?}{\object}{\boolean}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{re-bol?}{\object}{\boolean}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{re-eol?}{\object}{\boolean}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
These predicates recognise the associated primitive anchor regexp.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defvar{re-trivial}{regexp}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{re-trivial?}{re}{\boolean}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
The variable \ex{re-trivial} is bound to a regular expression
|
|
|
|
|
that matches the empty string (corresponding to the SRE \ex{""} or \ex{(:)});
|
|
|
|
|
it is recognised by the associated predicate.
|
|
|
|
|
Note that the predicate is only guaranteed to recognise
|
|
|
|
|
this particular trivial regexp; other trivial regexps built using
|
|
|
|
|
other constructors may or may not produce a true value.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defvar{re-empty}{regexp}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{re-empty?}{re}{\boolean}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
The variable \ex{re-empty} is bound to a regular expression
|
|
|
|
|
that never matches (corresponding to the SRE \ex{(|)});
|
|
|
|
|
it is recognised by the associated predicate.
|
|
|
|
|
Note that the predicate is only guaranteed to recognise
|
|
|
|
|
this particular empty regexp; other empty regexps built using
|
|
|
|
|
other constructors may or may not produce a true value.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defvar{re-any}{regexp}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{re-any?}{re}{\boolean}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
The variable \ex{re-any} is bound to a regular expression
|
|
|
|
|
that matches any character (corresponding to the SRE \ex{any});
|
|
|
|
|
it is recognised by the associated predicate.
|
|
|
|
|
Note that the predicate is only guaranteed to recognise
|
|
|
|
|
this particular any-character regexp value; other any-character
|
|
|
|
|
regexps built using other constructors may or may not produce a true value.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% These are non-primitive predefined regexps of general utility.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defvarx {re-nonl}{regexp}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
The variable \ex{re-nonl} is bound to a regular expression
|
|
|
|
|
that matches any non-newline character
|
|
|
|
|
(corresponding to the SRE \verb|(~ #\newline)|).
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun{regexp?}{\object}{\boolean}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
Is the object a regexp?
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun{re-tsm}{re}{\integer}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
Return the total number of submatches contained in the regexp.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun{clean-up-cres}{}{\undefined}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
The current scsh implementation should call this function periodically
|
|
|
|
|
to release C-heap storage associated with compiled regexps.
|
|
|
|
|
Hopefully, this procedure will be removed at a later date.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
|
|
|
|
\section{Syntax-hacking tools}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Scheme 48 package \ex{sre-syntax-tools} exports several tools for macro
|
|
|
|
|
writers that want to use SREs in their macros. In the functions defined
|
|
|
|
|
below, \var{compare} and \var{rename} parameters are as passed to Clinger-Rees
|
|
|
|
|
explicit-renaming low-level macros.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\dfn{if-sre-form}{form conseq-form alt-form}{form}{Syntax}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
If \var{form} is a legal SRE, this is equivalent to the expression
|
|
|
|
|
\var{conseq-form}, otherwise it expands to \var{alt-form}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is useful for high-level macro authors who want to write a macro
|
|
|
|
|
where one field in the macro can be an SRE or possibly something
|
|
|
|
|
else. \Eg, we might have a conditional form wherein if the
|
|
|
|
|
test part of one arm is an SRE, it expands to a regexp match
|
|
|
|
|
on some implied value, otherwise the form is evaluated as a boolean
|
|
|
|
|
Scheme expression.
|
|
|
|
|
For example, a conditional macro might expand into code containing
|
|
|
|
|
the following form, which in turn would have one of two possible
|
|
|
|
|
expansions:
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{centercode}
|
|
|
|
|
(if-sre-form test-exp ; If TEST-EXP is SRE,
|
|
|
|
|
(regexp-search? (rx test-exp) line) ; match it w/the line,
|
|
|
|
|
test-exp) ; otw it's a text exp.\end{centercode}%
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun{sre-form?}{form rename compare}{\boolean}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
This procedure is for low-level macros doing things equivalent to
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{if-sre-form}. It returns true if the form is a legal SRE.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that neither \ex{sre-form} nor \ex{if-sre-form} does a deep recursion
|
|
|
|
|
over the form in the case where the form is a list.
|
|
|
|
|
They simply check the car of the form for one of the legal SRE keywords.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun {parse-sre}{sre-form compare rename}{re}
|
|
|
|
|
\defunx{parse-sres}{sre-forms compare rename}{re}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
Parse \ex{sre-form} into an ADT. Note that if the SRE is dynamic---contains
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{,\var{exp}} or \ex{,@\var{exp}} forms,
|
|
|
|
|
or has repeat operators whose from/to counts are not constants---then
|
|
|
|
|
the returned ADT will have \var{Scheme expressions} in the corresponding
|
|
|
|
|
slots of the regexp records instead of the corresponding
|
|
|
|
|
integer, char-set, or regexp.
|
|
|
|
|
In other words, we use the ADT as its own AST. It's called a ``hack.''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ex{parse-sres} parses a list of SRE forms that comprise an implicit sequence.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun{regexp->scheme}{re rename}{Scheme-expression}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
Returns a Scheme expression that will construct the regexp \var{re}
|
|
|
|
|
using ADT constructors such as \ex{make-re-sequence}, \ex{make-re-repeat},
|
|
|
|
|
and so forth.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If the regexp is static, it will be simplified and pre-translated
|
|
|
|
|
to a Posix string as well, which will be part of the constructed
|
|
|
|
|
regexp value.
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\defun{static-regexp?}{re}{\boolean}
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
Is the regexp a static one?
|
|
|
|
|
\end{desc}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
%%% Local Variables:
|
|
|
|
|
%%% mode: latex
|
|
|
|
|
%%% TeX-master: "man"
|
|
|
|
|
%%% End:
|
