632 lines
26 KiB
TeX
632 lines
26 KiB
TeX
%&latex -*- latex -*-
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\chapter{Awk, record I/O, and field parsing}
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\label{chapt:fr-awk}
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{\Unix} programs frequently process streams of records,
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where each record is delimited by a newline,
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and records are broken into fields with other delimiters
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(for example, the colon character in \ex{/etc/passwd}).
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Scsh has procedures that allow the programmer to easily
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do this kind of processing.
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Scsh's field parsers can also be used to parse other kinds
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of delimited strings, such as colon-separated \verb|$PATH| lists.
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These routines can be used with scsh's \ex{awk} loop construct
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to conveniently perform pattern-directed computation over streams
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of records.
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\section{Record I/O and field parsing}
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\label{sec:field-reader}
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The procedures in this section are used to read records from
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I/O streams and parse them into fields.
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A record is defined as text terminated by some delimiter (usually a newline).
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A record can be split into fields by using regular expressions in
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one of several ways: to \emph{match} fields, to \emph{separate} fields,
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or to \emph{terminate} fields.
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The field parsers can be applied to arbitrary strings (one common use is
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splitting environment variables such as \ex{\$PATH} at colons into its
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component elements).
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The general delimited-input procedures described in
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chapter~\ref{chapt:rdelim} are also useful for reading simple records,
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such as single lines, paragraphs of text, or strings terminated by specific
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characters.
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\subsection{Reading records}
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\defun{record-reader} {[delims elide-delims? handle-delim]} {\proc}
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\begin{desc}
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Returns a procedure that reads records from a port. The
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procedure is invoked as follows:
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%
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\codex{(\var{reader} \var{[port]}) $\longrightarrow$
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\textrm{\textit{{\str} or eof}}}
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%
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A record is a sequence of characters terminated by one of the characters
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in \var{delims} or eof. If \var{elide-delims?} is true, then a contiguous
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sequence of delimiter chars are taken as a single record delimiter. If
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\var{elide-delims?} is false, then a delimiter char coming immediately
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after a delimiter char produces an empty-string record. The reader
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consumes the delimiting char(s) before returning from a read.
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The \var{delims} set defaults to the set $\{\mbox{newline}\}$.
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It may be a charset, string, character, or character predicate,
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and is coerced to a charset.
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The \var{elide-delims?} flag defaults to \ex{\#f}.
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The \var{handle-delim} argument controls what is done with the record's
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terminating delimiter.
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\begin{inset}
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\begin{tabular}{lp{0.6\linewidth}}
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\ex{'trim} & Delimiters are trimmed. (The default)\\
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\ex{'split}& Reader returns delimiter string as a second argument.
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If record is terminated by EOF, then the eof object is
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returned as this second argument. \\
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\ex{'concat} & The record and its delimiter are returned as
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a single string.
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\end{tabular}
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\end{inset}
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The reader procedure returned takes one optional argument, the port
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from which to read, which defaults to the current input port. It returns
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a string or eof.
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\end{desc}
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\subsection{Parsing fields}
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\defun {field-splitter} {[regexp num-fields]} \proc
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\defunx {infix-splitter} {[delim num-fields handle-delim]} \proc
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\defunx {suffix-splitter} {[delim num-fields handle-delim]} \proc
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\defunx {sloppy-suffix-splitter} {[delim num-fields handle-delim]} \proc
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\begin{desc}
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These functions return a parser function that can be used as follows:
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\codex{(\var{parser} \var{string} \var{[start]}) $\longrightarrow$
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\var{string-list}}
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The returned parsers split strings into fields defined
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by regular expressions. You can parse by specifying a pattern that
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\emph{separates} fields, a pattern that \emph{terminates} fields, or
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a pattern that \emph{matches} fields:
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\begin{inset}
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\begin{tabular}{l@{\qquad}l}
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Procedure & Pattern \\ \hline
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\ex{field-splitter} & matches fields \\
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\ex{infix-splitter} & separates fields \\
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\ex{suffix-splitter}& terminates fields \\
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\ex{sloppy-suffix-splitter} & terminates fields
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\end{tabular}
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\end{inset}
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These parser generators are controlled by a range of options, so that you
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can precisely specify what kind of parsing you want. However, these
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options default to reasonable values for general use.
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Defaults:
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\begin{tightinset}
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\begin{tabular}{l@{\quad=\quad }ll}
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\var{delim} & \verb!"[ \t\n]+|$"! & (suffix delimiter: white space or eos) \\
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\multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \verb|"[ \t\n]+"| & (infix delimiter: white space) \\
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\var{re} & \verb|"[^ \t\n]+"| & (non-white-space) \\
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\var{num-fields} & \verb|#f| & (as many fields as possible) \\
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\var{handle-delim} & \verb|'trim| & (discard delimiter chars)
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\end{tabular}
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\end{tightinset}
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{\ldots}which means: break the string at white space, discarding the
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white space, and parse as many fields as possible.
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The regular expression \var{delim} is used to match field delimiters.
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It can be either a string or a compiled regexp structure (see the
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\ex{make-regexp} procedure). In the separator case, it defaults to a
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regular expression matching white space; in the terminator case,
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it defaults to white space or end-of-string.
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The regular expression \var{re} is a regular expression used
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to match fields. It defaults to non-white-space.
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The boolean \var{handle-delim} determines what to do with delimiters.
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\begin{tightinset}\begin{tabular}{ll}
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\ex{'trim} & Delimiters are thrown away after parsing. (default) \\
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\ex{'concat} & Delimiters are appended to the field preceding them. \\
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\ex{'split} & Delimiters are returned as separate elements in
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the field list.
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\end{tabular}
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\end{tightinset}
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The \var{num-fields} argument used to create the parser specifies how many
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fields to parse. If \ex{\#f} (the default), the procedure parses them all.
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If a positive integer $n$, exactly that many fields are parsed; it is an
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error if there are more or fewer than $n$ fields in the record. If
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\var{num-fields} is a negative integer or zero, then $|n|$ fields
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are parsed, and the remainder of the string is returned in the last
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element of the field list; it is an error if fewer than $|n|$ fields
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can be parsed.
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The field parser produced is a procedure that can be employed as
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follows:
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\codex{(\var{parse} \var{string} \var{[start]}) \evalto \var{string-list}}
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The optional \var{start} argument (default 0) specifies where in the string
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to begin the parse. It is an error if
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$\var{start} > \ex{(string-length \var{string})}$.
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The parsers returned by the four parser generators implement different
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kinds of field parsing:
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\begin{description}
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\item[\ex{field-splitter}]
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The regular expression specifies the actual field.
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\item[\ex{suffix-splitter}]
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Delimiters are interpreted as element \emph{terminators}.
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If vertical-bar is the the delimiter, then the string \ex{""}
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is the empty record \ex{()}, \ex{"foo|"} produces a one-field record
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\ex{("foo")}, and \ex{"foo"} is an error.
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The syntax of suffix-delimited records is:
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\begin{inset}
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\begin{tabular}{lcll}
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\synvar{record} & ::= & \ex{""} \qquad (Empty record) \\
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& $|$ & \synvar{element} \synvar{delim}
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\synvar{record}
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\end{tabular}
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\end{inset}
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It is an error if a non-empty record does not end with a delimiter.
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To make the last delimiter optional, make sure the delimiter regexp
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matches the end-of-string (regexp \ex{"\$"}).
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\item [\ex{infix-splitter}]
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Delimiters are interpreted as element \emph{separators}. If comma is the
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delimiter, then the string \ex{"foo,"} produces a two-field
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record \ex{("foo" "")}.
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The syntax of infix-delimited records is:
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\begin{inset}
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\begin{tabular}{lcll}
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\synvar{record} & ::= & \ex{""} \qquad (Forced to be empty record) \\
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& $|$ & \synvar{real-infix-record} \\
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\\
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\synvar{real-infix-record} & ::= & \synvar{element} \synvar{delim}
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\synvar{real-infix-record} \\
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& $|$ & \synvar{element}
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\end{tabular}
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\end{inset}
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Note that separator semantics doesn't really allow for empty
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records---the straightforward grammar (\ie, \synvar{real-infix-record})
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parses an empty string as a singleton list whose one field is the empty
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string, \ex{("")}, not as the empty record \ex{()}. This is unfortunate,
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since it means that infix string parsing doesn't make \ex{string-append}
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and \ex{append} isomorphic. For example,
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\codex{((infix-splitter ":") (string-append \var{x} ":" \var{y}))}
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doesn't always equal
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\begin{code}
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(append ((infix-splitter ":") \var{x})
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((infix-splitter ":") \var{y}))\end{code}
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It fails when \var{x} or \var{y} are the empty string.
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Terminator semantics \emph{does} preserve a similar isomorphism.
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However, separator semantics is frequently what other Unix software
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uses, so to parse their strings, we need to use it. For example,
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Unix \verb|$PATH| lists have separator semantics. The path list
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\ex{"/bin:"} is broken up into \ex{("/bin" "")}, not \ex{("/bin")}.
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Comma-separated lists should also be parsed this way.
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\item[\ex{sloppy-suffix}]
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The same as the \ex{suffix} case, except that the parser will skip an
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initial delimiter string if the string begins with one instead of parsing
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an initial empty field. This can be used, for example, to field-split a
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sequence of English text at white-space boundaries, where the string may
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begin or end with white space, by using regex \verb!"[ \t]+|$"!.
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(But you would be better off using \ex{field-splitter} in this case.)
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\end{description}
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\end{desc}
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Figure~\ref{fig:splitters} shows how the different parser grammars
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split apart the same strings.
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%
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\begin{boxedfigure}{tbp}
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\begin{center}\small
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\begin{tabular}{lllll}
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Record & : suffix & \verb!:|$! suffix & : infix & non-: field \\
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\hline
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\ex{""} & \ex{()} & \ex{()} & \ex{()} & \ex{()} \\
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\ex{":"} & \ex{("")} & \ex{("")} & \ex{("" "")} & \ex{()} \\
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\ex{"foo:"} & \ex{("foo")} & \ex{("foo")} & \ex{("foo" "")} & \ex{("foo")} \\
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\ex{":foo"}& \emph{error} & \ex{("" "foo")}& \ex{("" "foo")}& \ex{("foo")} \\
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\ex{"foo:bar"} & \emph{error} & \ex{("foo" "bar")} & \ex{("foo" "bar")} & \ex{("foo" "bar")}
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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\caption{Using different grammars to split records into fields.}
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\label{fig:splitters}
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\end{boxedfigure}
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%
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Having to choose between the different grammars requires you to decide
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what you want, but at least you can be precise about what you are parsing.
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Take fifteen seconds and think it out. Say what you mean; mean what you
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say.
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\defun{join-strings} {string-list [delimiter grammar]} \str
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\begin{desc}
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This procedure is a simple unparser---it pastes strings together using
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the delimiter string.
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The \var{grammar} argument is one of the symbols \ex{infix} (the default)
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or \ex{suffix}; it determines whether the
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delimiter string is used as a separator or as a terminator.
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The delimiter is the string used to delimit elements; it defaults to
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a single space \ex{" "}.
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Example:
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\begin{code}
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(join-strings '("foo" "bar" "baz") ":")
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\qquad{\evalto} "foo:bar:baz"\end{code}
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\end{desc}
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\subsection{Field readers}
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\defun{field-reader} {[field-parser rec-reader]} \proc
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\begin{desc}
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This utility returns a procedure that reads records with field structure
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from a port.
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The reader's interface is designed to make it useful in the \ex{awk}
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loop macro (section~\ref{sec:awk}).
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The reader is used as follows:
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\codex{(\var{reader} \var{[port]}) {\evalto} \var{[raw-record parsed-record]} or \var{[eof ()]}}
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When the reader is applied to an input port (default: the current
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input port), it reads a record using \var{rec-reader}. If this record isn't
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the eof object, it is parsed with \var{field-parser}. These two
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values---the record, and its parsed representation---are returned
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as multiple values from the reader.
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When called at eof, the reader returns [eof-object \ex{()}].
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Although the record reader typically returns a string, and
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the field-parser typically takes a string argument, this is not
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required. The record reader can produce, and the field-parser consume,
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values of any type. However, the empty list returned as the
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parsed value on eof is hardwired into the field reader.
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For example, if port \ex{p} is open on \ex{/etc/passwd}, then
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\codex{((field-reader (infix-splitter ":" 7)) p)}
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returns two values:
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{\small
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\begin{widecode}
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"dalbertz:mx3Uaqq0:107:22:David Albertz:/users/dalbertz:/bin/csh"
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("dalbertz" "mx3Uaqq0" "107" "22" "David Albertz" "/users/dalbertz"
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"/bin/csh")\end{widecode}}
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The \var{field-parser} defaults to the value of \ex{(field-splitter)},
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a parser that picks out sequences of non-white-space strings.
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The \var{rec-reader} defaults to \ex{read-line}.
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Figure~\ref{fig:field-readers} shows \ex{field-reader} being
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used to read different kinds of Unix records.
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\begin{boxedfigure}{tbhp}
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\begin{centercode}
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;;; /etc/passwd reader
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(field-reader (infix-splitter ":" 7))
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; wandy:3xuncWdpKhR.:73:22:Wandy Saetan:/usr/wandy:/bin/csh
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;;; Two ls -l output readers
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(field-reader (infix-splitter "[ \\t]+" 8))
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(field-reader (infix-splitter "[ \\t]+" -7))
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; -rw-r--r-- 1 shivers 22880 Sep 24 12:45 scsh.scm
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;;; Internet hostname reader
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(field-reader (field-splitter "[^.]+"))
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; stat.sinica.edu.tw
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;;; Internet IP address reader
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(field-reader (field-splitter "[^.]+" 4))
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; 18.24.0.241
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;;; Line of integers
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(let ((parser (field-splitter "[+-]?[0-9]+")))
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(field-reader (\l{s} (map string->number (parser s))))
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; 18 24 0 241
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;;; Same as above.
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(let ((reader (field-reader (field-splitter "[+-]?[0-9]+"))))
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(\lx{maybe-port} (map string->number (apply reader maybe-port))))
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; Yale beat harvard 26 to 7.\end{centercode}
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\caption{Some examples of \protect\ex{field-reader}}
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\label{fig:field-readers}
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\end{boxedfigure}
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\end{desc}
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\subsection{Forward-progress guarantees and empty-string matches}
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A loop that pulls text off a string by repeatedly matching a regexp
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against that string can conceivably get stuck in an infinite loop if
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the regexp matches the empty string. For example, the regexps \verb|^|,
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\verb|$|, \verb|.*|, and \verb!foo|[^f]*! can all match the empty string.
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The routines in this package that iterate through strings with regular
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expressions are careful to handle this empty-string case.
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If a regexp matches the empty string, the next search starts, not from
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the end of the match (which in the empty string case is also the
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beginning---that's the problem), but from the next character over.
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This is the correct behaviour. Regexps match the longest possible
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string at a given location, so if the regexp matched the empty string
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at location $i$, then it is guaranteed it could not have matched
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a longer pattern starting with character $i$. So we can safely begin
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our search for the next match at char $i+1$.
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With this provision, every iteration through the loop makes some forward
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progress, and the loop is guaranteed to terminate.
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This has the effect you want with field parsing. For example, if you split
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a string with the empty pattern, you will explode the string into its
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individual characters:
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\codex{((suffix-splitter "") "foo") {\evalto} ("" "f" "o" "o")}
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However, even though this boundary case is handled correctly, we don't
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recommend using it. Say what you mean---just use a field splitter:
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\codex{((field-splitter ".") "foo") {\evalto} ("f" "o" "o")}
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Or, more efficiently,
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\codex{((\l{s} (map string (string->list s))) "foo")}
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\subsection{Reader limitations}
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Since all of the readers in this package require the ability to peek
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ahead one char in the input stream, they cannot be applied to raw
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integer file descriptors, only Scheme input ports. This is because
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Unix doesn't support peeking ahead into input streams.
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\section{Awk}
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\label{sec:awk}
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Scsh provides a loop macro and a set of field parsers that can
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be used to perform text processing very similar to the Awk programming
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language.
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The basic functionality of Awk is factored in scsh into its component
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parts.
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The control structure is provided by the \ex{awk} loop macro;
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the text I/O and parsers are provided by the field-reader subroutine library
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(section~\ref{sec:field-reader}).
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This factoring allows the programmer to compose the basic loop structure
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with any parser or input mechanism at all.
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If the parsers provided by the field-reader package are insufficient,
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the programmer can write a custom parser in Scheme and use it with
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equal ease in the awk framework.
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Awk-in-scheme is given by a loop macro called \ex{awk}. It looks like
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this:
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\begin{code}\cdmath
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(awk \synvar{next-record} \synvar{record\&field-vars}
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{\rm[\synvar{counter}]} \synvar{state-var-decls}
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\synvar{clause$_1$} \ldots)\index{awk}\end{code}
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The body of the loop is a series of clauses, each one representing
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a kind of condition/action pair. The loop repeatedly reads a record,
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and then executes each clause whose condition is satisfied by the record.
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Here's an example that reads lines from port \ex{p}
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and prints the line number and line of every line containing the
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string ``\ex{Church-Rosser}'':
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\begin{code}
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(awk (read-line) (ln) lineno ()
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("Church-Rosser" (format #t "~d: ~s~%" lineno ln)))\end{code}
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This example has just one clause in the loop body, the one that
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tests for matches against the regular expression ``\ex{Church-Rosser}''.
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The \synvar{next-record} form is an expression that is evaluated each time
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through the loop to produce a record to process.
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This expression can return multiple values;
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these values are bound to the variables given in the
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\synvar{record\&field-vars} list of variables.
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The first value returned is assumed to be the record;
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when it is the end-of-file object, the loop terminates.
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For example, let's suppose we want to read items from \ex{/etc/password},
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and we use the \ex{field-reader} procedure to define a record parser for
|
|
\ex{/etc/passwd} entries:
|
|
\codex{(define read-passwd (field-reader (infix-splitter ":" 7)))}
|
|
binds \ex{read-passwd} to a procedure that reads in a line of text when
|
|
it is called, and splits the text at colons. It returns two values:
|
|
the entire line read, and a seven-element list of the split-out fields.
|
|
(See section~\ref{sec:field-reader} for more on \ex{field-reader} and
|
|
\ex{infix-splitter}.)
|
|
|
|
So if the \synvar{next-record} form in an \ex{awk} expression is
|
|
\ex{(read-passwd)}, then \synvar{record\&field-vars} must be a list of
|
|
two variables, \eg,
|
|
\codex{(record field-vec)}
|
|
since \ex{read-passwd} returns two values.
|
|
|
|
Note that \ex{awk} allows us to use \emph{any} record reader we want in the
|
|
loop, returning whatever number of values we like. These values
|
|
don't have to be strings or string lists. The only requirement
|
|
is that the record reader return the eof object as its first value
|
|
when the loop should terminate.
|
|
|
|
The \ex{awk} loop allows the programmer to have loop variables. These are
|
|
declared and initialised by the \synvar{state-var-decls} form, a
|
|
\codex{((\var{var} \var{init-exp}) (\var{var} \var{init-exp}) \ldots)}
|
|
list rather like the \ex{let} form. Whenever a clause in the loop body
|
|
executes, it evaluates to as many values as there are state variables,
|
|
updating them.
|
|
|
|
The optional \synvar{counter} variable is an iteration counter.
|
|
It is bound to 0 when the loop starts.
|
|
The counter is incremented each time a non-eof record is read.
|
|
|
|
There are several kinds of loop clause. When evaluating the body of the
|
|
loop, \ex{awk} evaluates \emph{all} the clauses sequentially.
|
|
Unlike \ex{cond}, it does not stop after the first clause is satisfied;
|
|
it checks them all.
|
|
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
|
|
\itum{\ex{(\var{test} \vari{body}1 \vari{body}2 \ldots)}}
|
|
If \var{test} is true, execute the body forms. The last body form
|
|
is the value of the clause. The test and body forms are evaluated
|
|
in the scope of the record and state variables.
|
|
|
|
The \var{test} form can be one of:
|
|
\begin{inset}
|
|
\begin{tabular}{lp{0.8\linewidth}}
|
|
integer: & The test is true for that iteration of the loop.
|
|
The first iteration is \#1. \\
|
|
|
|
string: & The string is a regular expression. The test is
|
|
true if the regexp matches the record.\\
|
|
|
|
expression & If not an integer or a string, the test form is
|
|
a Scheme expression that is evaluated.
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{inset}
|
|
|
|
|
|
\itum{\begin{tabular}[t]{l}
|
|
\ex{(range\ \ \ \var{start-test} \var{stop-test} \vari{body}1 \ldots)} \\
|
|
\ex{(:range\ \ \var{start-test} \var{stop-test} \vari{body}1 \ldots)} \\
|
|
\ex{(range:\ \ \var{start-test} \var{stop-test} \vari{body}1 \ldots)} \\
|
|
\ex{(:range:\ \var{start-test} \var{stop-test} \vari{body}1 \ldots)}
|
|
\end{tabular}}
|
|
%
|
|
These clauses become activated when \var{start-test} is true;
|
|
they stay active on all further iterations until \var{stop-test}
|
|
is true.
|
|
|
|
So, to print out the first ten lines of a file, we use the clause:
|
|
\codex{(:range: 1 10 (display record))}
|
|
|
|
The colons control whether or not the start and stop lines
|
|
are processed by the clause. For example:
|
|
\begin{inset}\begin{tabular}{l@{\qquad}l}
|
|
\ex{(range\ \ \ 1 5\ \ \ldots)} & Lines \phantom{1} 2 3 4 \\
|
|
\ex{(:range\ \ 1 5\ \ \ldots)} & Lines 1 2 3 4 \\
|
|
\ex{(range:\ \ 1 5\ \ \ldots)} & Lines \phantom{1} 2 3 4 5 \\
|
|
\ex{(:range: 1 5\ \ \ldots)} & Lines 1 2 3 4 5
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\end{inset}
|
|
|
|
A line can trigger both tests, either simultaneously starting and
|
|
stopping an active region, or simultaneously stopping one and starting
|
|
a new one, so ranges can abut seamlessly.
|
|
|
|
\itum{\ex{(else \vari{body}1 \vari{body}2 \ldots)}}
|
|
If no other clause has executed since the top of the loop, or
|
|
since the last \ex{else} clause, this clause executes.
|
|
|
|
\itum{\ex{(\var{test} => \var{exp})}}
|
|
If evaluating \ex{test} produces a true value,
|
|
apply \var{exp} to that value.
|
|
If \var{test} is a regular-expression string, then \var{exp} is applied
|
|
to the match data structure returned by the regexp match routine.
|
|
|
|
\itum{\ex{(after \vari{body}1 \ldots)}}
|
|
This clause executes when the loop encounters EOF. The body forms
|
|
execute in the scope of the state vars and the record-count var,
|
|
if there are any. The value of the last body form is the value
|
|
of the entire awk form.
|
|
|
|
If there is no \ex{after} clause, \ex{awk} returns the loop's state
|
|
variables as multiple values.
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Examples}
|
|
Here are some examples of \ex{awk} being used to process various types
|
|
of input stream.
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
(define $ nth) ; Saves typing.
|
|
|
|
;;; Print out the name and home-directory of everyone in /etc/passwd:
|
|
(let ((read-passwd (field-reader (infix-splitter ":" 7))))
|
|
(call-with-input-file "/etc/passwd"
|
|
(lambda (port)
|
|
(awk (read-passwd port) (record fields) ()
|
|
(#t (format #t "~a's home directory is ~a~%"
|
|
($ fields 0)
|
|
($ fields 5)))))))\end{code}
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
;;; Print out the user-name and home-directory of everyone whose
|
|
;;; name begins with "S"
|
|
(let ((read-passwd (field-reader (infix-splitter ":" 7))))
|
|
(call-with-input-file "/etc/passwd"
|
|
(lambda (port)
|
|
(awk (read-passwd port) (record fields) ()
|
|
("^S" (format #t "~a's home directory is ~a~%"
|
|
($ fields 0)
|
|
($ fields 5)))))))\end{code}
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
;;; Read a series of integers from stdin. This expression evaluates
|
|
;;; to the number of positive numbers that were read. Note our
|
|
;;; "record-reader" is the standard Scheme READ procedure.
|
|
(awk (read) (i) ((npos 0))
|
|
((> i 0) (+ npos 1)))\end{code}
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
;;; Filter -- pass only lines containing my name.
|
|
(awk (read-line) (line) ()
|
|
("Olin" (display line) (newline)))\end{code}
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
;;; Count the number of non-comment lines of code in my Scheme source.
|
|
(awk (read-line) (line) ((nlines 0))
|
|
("^[ \\t]*;" nlines) ; A comment line.
|
|
(else (+ nlines 1))) ; Not a comment line.\end{code}
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
;;; Read numbers, counting the evens and odds.
|
|
(awk (read) (val) ((evens 0) (odds 0))
|
|
((> val 0) (display "pos ") (values evens odds)) ; Tell me about
|
|
((< val 0) (display "neg ") (values evens odds)) ; sign, too.
|
|
(else (display "zero ") (values evens odds))
|
|
|
|
((even? val) (values (+ evens 1) odds))
|
|
(else (values evens (+ odds 1))))\end{code}
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
;;; Determine the max length of all the lines in the file.
|
|
(awk (read-line) (line) ((max-len 0))
|
|
(#t (max max-len (string-length line))))\end{code}
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
;;; (This could also be done with REDUCE-PORT:)
|
|
(reduce-port (current-input-port) read-line
|
|
(lambda (line maxlen) (max (string-length line) maxlen))
|
|
0)\end{code}
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
;;; Print every line longer than 80 chars.
|
|
;;; Prefix each line with its line #.
|
|
(awk (read-line) (line) lineno ()
|
|
((> (string-length line) 80)
|
|
(format #t "~d: ~s~%" lineno line)))\end{code}
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
;;; Strip blank lines from input.
|
|
(awk (read-line) (line) ()
|
|
("." (display line) (newline)))\end{code}
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
;;; Sort the entries in /etc/passwd by login name.
|
|
(for-each (lambda (entry) (display (cdr entry)) (newline)) ; Out
|
|
(sort (lambda (x y) (string<? (car x) (car y))) ; Sort
|
|
(let ((read (field-reader (infix-splitter ":" 7)))) ; In
|
|
(awk (read) (line fields) ((ans '()))
|
|
(#t (cons (cons ($ fields 0) line) ans))))))\end{code}
|
|
|
|
\begin{code}
|
|
;;; Prefix line numbers to the input stream.
|
|
(awk (read-line) (line) lineno ()
|
|
(#t (format #t "~d:\\t~a~%" lineno line)))\end{code}
|