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upscheme/femtolisp/flisp.c

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/*
femtoLisp
a minimal interpreter for a minimal lisp dialect
this lisp dialect uses lexical scope and self-evaluating lambda.
it supports 30-bit integers, symbols, conses, and full macros.
it is case-sensitive.
it features a simple compacting copying garbage collector.
it uses a Scheme-style evaluation rule where any expression may appear in
head position as long as it evaluates to a function.
it uses Scheme-style varargs (dotted formal argument lists)
lambdas can have only 1 body expression; use (begin ...) for multiple
expressions. this is due to the closure representation
(lambda args body . env)
This is a fully fleshed-out lisp built up from femtoLisp. It has all the
remaining features needed to be taken seriously:
* circular structure can be printed and read
* #. read macro for eval-when-read and correctly printing builtins
* read macros for backquote
* symbol character-escaping printer
* vectors
* exceptions
* gensyms (can be usefully read back in, too)
* #| multiline comments |#
* generic compare function, cyclic equal
* cvalues system providing C data types and a C FFI
* constructor notation for nicely printing arbitrary values
* strings
* hash tables
* I/O streams
by Jeff Bezanson (C) 2009
Distributed under the BSD License
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <wctype.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "llt.h"
#include "flisp.h"
static char *builtin_names[] =
{ // special forms
"quote", "cond", "if", "and", "or", "while", "lambda",
"trycatch", "%apply", "set!", "prog1", "begin",
// predicates
"eq?", "eqv?", "equal?", "atom?", "not", "null?", "boolean?", "symbol?",
"number?", "bound?", "pair?", "builtin?", "vector?", "fixnum?",
// lists
"cons", "list", "car", "cdr", "set-car!", "set-cdr!",
// execution
"eval", "eval*", "apply",
// arithmetic
"+", "-", "*", "/", "<", "lognot", "compare",
// sequences
"vector", "aref", "aset!", "length", "for",
"", "", "" };
#define N_STACK 98304
value_t Stack[N_STACK];
uint32_t SP = 0;
value_t NIL, FL_T, FL_F, LAMBDA, QUOTE, IF, TRYCATCH;
value_t BACKQUOTE, COMMA, COMMAAT, COMMADOT;
value_t IOError, ParseError, TypeError, ArgError, UnboundError, MemoryError;
value_t DivideError, BoundsError, Error, KeyError, EnumerationError;
value_t conssym, symbolsym, fixnumsym, vectorsym, builtinsym;
value_t definesym, defmacrosym, forsym, labelsym, printprettysym, setqsym;
value_t printwidthsym, tsym, Tsym, fsym, Fsym, booleansym, nullsym, elsesym;
static value_t eval_sexpr(value_t e, uint32_t penv, int tail);
static value_t *alloc_words(int n);
static value_t relocate(value_t v);
typedef struct _readstate_t {
htable_t backrefs;
htable_t gensyms;
value_t source;
struct _readstate_t *prev;
} readstate_t;
static readstate_t *readstate = NULL;
static void free_readstate(readstate_t *rs)
{
htable_free(&rs->backrefs);
htable_free(&rs->gensyms);
}
static unsigned char *fromspace;
static unsigned char *tospace;
static unsigned char *curheap;
static unsigned char *lim;
static uint32_t heapsize = 512*1024;//bytes
static uint32_t *consflags;
// error utilities ------------------------------------------------------------
// saved execution state for an unwind target
typedef struct _ectx_t {
jmp_buf buf;
uint32_t sp;
readstate_t *rdst;
struct _ectx_t *prev;
} exception_context_t;
static exception_context_t *ctx = NULL;
static value_t lasterror;
#define FL_TRY \
exception_context_t _ctx; int l__tr, l__ca; \
_ctx.sp=SP; _ctx.rdst=readstate; _ctx.prev=ctx; \
ctx = &_ctx; \
if (!setjmp(_ctx.buf)) \
for (l__tr=1; l__tr; l__tr=0, (void)(ctx->prev && (ctx=ctx->prev)))
#define FL_CATCH \
else \
for (l__ca=1; l__ca; l__ca=0, lasterror=NIL)
void raise(value_t e)
{
lasterror = e;
// unwind read state
while (readstate != ctx->rdst) {
free_readstate(readstate);
readstate = readstate->prev;
}
SP = ctx->sp;
exception_context_t *thisctx = ctx;
if (ctx->prev) // don't throw past toplevel
ctx = ctx->prev;
longjmp(thisctx->buf, 1);
}
static value_t make_error_msg(char *format, va_list args)
{
char msgbuf[512];
vsnprintf(msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), format, args);
return string_from_cstr(msgbuf);
}
void lerrorf(value_t e, char *format, ...)
{
va_list args;
PUSH(e);
va_start(args, format);
value_t msg = make_error_msg(format, args);
va_end(args);
e = POP();
raise(list2(e, msg));
}
void lerror(value_t e, const char *msg)
{
PUSH(e);
value_t m = cvalue_static_cstring(msg);
e = POP();
raise(list2(e, m));
}
void type_error(char *fname, char *expected, value_t got)
{
raise(listn(4, TypeError, symbol(fname), symbol(expected), got));
}
void bounds_error(char *fname, value_t arr, value_t ind)
{
lerrorf(listn(3, BoundsError, arr, ind), "%s: index out of bounds", fname);
}
// safe cast operators --------------------------------------------------------
#define SAFECAST_OP(type,ctype,cnvt) \
ctype to##type(value_t v, char *fname) \
{ \
if (__likely(is##type(v))) \
return (ctype)cnvt(v); \
type_error(fname, #type, v); \
}
SAFECAST_OP(cons, cons_t*, ptr)
SAFECAST_OP(symbol,symbol_t*,ptr)
SAFECAST_OP(fixnum,fixnum_t, numval)
SAFECAST_OP(cvalue,cvalue_t*,ptr)
SAFECAST_OP(string,char*, cvalue_data)
// symbol table ---------------------------------------------------------------
symbol_t *symtab = NULL;
static symbol_t *mk_symbol(char *str)
{
symbol_t *sym;
size_t len = strlen(str);
sym = (symbol_t*)malloc(sizeof(symbol_t)-sizeof(void*) + len + 1);
assert(((uptrint_t)sym & 0x7) == 0); // make sure malloc aligns 8
sym->left = sym->right = NULL;
if (str[0] == ':') {
value_t s = tagptr(sym, TAG_SYM);
setc(s, s);
}
else {
sym->binding = UNBOUND;
sym->syntax = 0;
}
sym->type = sym->dlcache = NULL;
sym->hash = memhash32(str, len)^0xAAAAAAAA;
strcpy(&sym->name[0], str);
return sym;
}
static symbol_t **symtab_lookup(symbol_t **ptree, char *str)
{
int x;
while(*ptree != NULL) {
x = strcmp(str, (*ptree)->name);
if (x == 0)
return ptree;
if (x < 0)
ptree = &(*ptree)->left;
else
ptree = &(*ptree)->right;
}
return ptree;
}
value_t symbol(char *str)
{
symbol_t **pnode;
pnode = symtab_lookup(&symtab, str);
if (*pnode == NULL)
*pnode = mk_symbol(str);
return tagptr(*pnode, TAG_SYM);
}
typedef struct {
value_t syntax; // syntax environment entry
value_t binding; // global value binding
fltype_t *type;
uint32_t id;
} gensym_t;
static uint32_t _gensym_ctr=0;
// two static buffers for gensym printing so there can be two
// gensym names available at a time, mostly for compare()
static char gsname[2][16];
static int gsnameno=0;
value_t gensym(value_t *args, uint32_t nargs)
{
(void)args;
(void)nargs;
gensym_t *gs = (gensym_t*)alloc_words(sizeof(gensym_t)/sizeof(void*));
gs->id = _gensym_ctr++;
gs->binding = UNBOUND;
gs->syntax = 0;
gs->type = NULL;
return tagptr(gs, TAG_SYM);
}
value_t fl_gensym()
{
return gensym(NULL, 0);
}
char *symbol_name(value_t v)
{
if (ismanaged(v)) {
gensym_t *gs = (gensym_t*)ptr(v);
gsnameno = 1-gsnameno;
char *n = uint2str(gsname[gsnameno]+1, sizeof(gsname[0])-1, gs->id, 10);
*(--n) = 'g';
return n;
}
return ((symbol_t*)ptr(v))->name;
}
// conses ---------------------------------------------------------------------
void gc(int mustgrow);
static value_t mk_cons(void)
{
cons_t *c;
if (__unlikely(curheap > lim))
gc(0);
c = (cons_t*)curheap;
curheap += sizeof(cons_t);
return tagptr(c, TAG_CONS);
}
static value_t *alloc_words(int n)
{
value_t *first;
assert(n > 0);
n = ALIGN(n, 2); // only allocate multiples of 2 words
if (__unlikely((value_t*)curheap > ((value_t*)lim)+2-n)) {
gc(0);
while ((value_t*)curheap > ((value_t*)lim)+2-n) {
gc(1);
}
}
first = (value_t*)curheap;
curheap += (n*sizeof(value_t));
return first;
}
// allocate n consecutive conses
#define cons_reserve(n) tagptr(alloc_words((n)*2), TAG_CONS)
#define cons_index(c) (((cons_t*)ptr(c))-((cons_t*)fromspace))
#define ismarked(c) bitvector_get(consflags, cons_index(c))
#define mark_cons(c) bitvector_set(consflags, cons_index(c), 1)
#define unmark_cons(c) bitvector_set(consflags, cons_index(c), 0)
value_t alloc_vector(size_t n, int init)
{
value_t *c = alloc_words(n+1);
value_t v = tagptr(c, TAG_VECTOR);
vector_setsize(v, n);
if (init) {
unsigned int i;
for(i=0; i < n; i++)
vector_elt(v, i) = NIL;
}
return v;
}
// cvalues --------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "cvalues.c"
#include "types.c"
// print ----------------------------------------------------------------------
static int isnumtok(char *tok, value_t *pval);
static int symchar(char c);
#include "print.c"
// collector ------------------------------------------------------------------
static value_t relocate(value_t v)
{
value_t a, d, nc, first, *pcdr;
uptrint_t t = tag(v);
if (t == TAG_CONS) {
// iterative implementation allows arbitrarily long cons chains
pcdr = &first;
do {
if ((a=car_(v)) == TAG_FWD) {
*pcdr = cdr_(v);
return first;
}
*pcdr = nc = mk_cons();
d = cdr_(v);
car_(v) = TAG_FWD; cdr_(v) = nc;
car_(nc) = relocate(a);
pcdr = &cdr_(nc);
v = d;
} while (iscons(v));
*pcdr = (d==NIL) ? NIL : relocate(d);
return first;
}
if ((t&3) == 0) return v;
if (!ismanaged(v)) return v;
if (isforwarded(v)) return forwardloc(v);
if (t == TAG_VECTOR) {
// N.B.: 0-length vectors secretly have space for a first element
size_t i, newsz, sz = vector_size(v);
newsz = sz;
if (vector_elt(v,-1) & 0x1)
newsz += vector_grow_amt(sz);
nc = alloc_vector(newsz, 0);
a = vector_elt(v,0);
forward(v, nc);
i = 0;
if (sz > 0) {
vector_elt(nc,0) = relocate(a); i++;
for(; i < sz; i++)
vector_elt(nc,i) = relocate(vector_elt(v,i));
}
for(; i < newsz; i++)
vector_elt(nc,i) = NIL;
return nc;
}
else if (t == TAG_CPRIM) {
cprim_t *pcp = (cprim_t*)ptr(v);
size_t nw = CPRIM_NWORDS-1+NWORDS(cp_class(pcp)->size);
cprim_t *ncp = (cprim_t*)alloc_words(nw);
while (nw--)
((value_t*)ncp)[nw] = ((value_t*)pcp)[nw];
nc = tagptr(ncp, TAG_CPRIM);
forward(v, nc);
return nc;
}
else if (t == TAG_CVALUE) {
return cvalue_relocate(v);
}
else if (t == TAG_SYM) {
gensym_t *gs = (gensym_t*)ptr(v);
gensym_t *ng = (gensym_t*)alloc_words(sizeof(gensym_t)/sizeof(void*));
ng->id = gs->id;
ng->binding = gs->binding;
ng->syntax = gs->syntax;
nc = tagptr(ng, TAG_SYM);
forward(v, nc);
if (ng->binding != UNBOUND)
ng->binding = relocate(ng->binding);
if (iscons(ng->syntax))
ng->syntax = relocate(ng->syntax);
return nc;
}
return v;
}
value_t relocate_lispvalue(value_t v)
{
return relocate(v);
}
static void trace_globals(symbol_t *root)
{
while (root != NULL) {
if (root->binding != UNBOUND)
root->binding = relocate(root->binding);
if (iscons(root->syntax))
root->syntax = relocate(root->syntax);
trace_globals(root->left);
root = root->right;
}
}
static value_t special_apply_form;
static value_t apply1_args;
static value_t memory_exception_value;
void gc(int mustgrow)
{
static int grew = 0;
void *temp;
uint32_t i;
readstate_t *rs;
curheap = tospace;
lim = curheap+heapsize-sizeof(cons_t);
for (i=0; i < SP; i++)
Stack[i] = relocate(Stack[i]);
trace_globals(symtab);
relocate_typetable();
rs = readstate;
while (rs) {
for(i=0; i < rs->backrefs.size; i++)
rs->backrefs.table[i] = (void*)relocate((value_t)rs->backrefs.table[i]);
for(i=0; i < rs->gensyms.size; i++)
rs->gensyms.table[i] = (void*)relocate((value_t)rs->gensyms.table[i]);
rs->source = relocate(rs->source);
rs = rs->prev;
}
lasterror = relocate(lasterror);
special_apply_form = relocate(special_apply_form);
apply1_args = relocate(apply1_args);
memory_exception_value = relocate(memory_exception_value);
sweep_finalizers();
#ifdef VERBOSEGC
printf("GC: found %d/%d live conses\n",
(curheap-tospace)/sizeof(cons_t), heapsize/sizeof(cons_t));
#endif
temp = tospace;
tospace = fromspace;
fromspace = temp;
// if we're using > 80% of the space, resize tospace so we have
// more space to fill next time. if we grew tospace last time,
// grow the other half of the heap this time to catch up.
if (grew || ((lim-curheap) < (int)(heapsize/5)) || mustgrow) {
temp = realloc(tospace, grew ? heapsize : heapsize*2);
if (temp == NULL)
raise(memory_exception_value);
tospace = temp;
if (!grew) {
heapsize*=2;
}
else {
temp = bitvector_resize(consflags, heapsize/sizeof(cons_t), 1);
if (temp == NULL)
raise(memory_exception_value);
consflags = (uint32_t*)temp;
}
grew = !grew;
}
if (curheap > lim) // all data was live
gc(0);
}
// utils ----------------------------------------------------------------------
value_t apply(value_t f, value_t l)
{
PUSH(f);
PUSH(l);
value_t v = toplevel_eval(special_apply_form);
POPN(2);
return v;
}
value_t apply1(value_t f, value_t a0)
{
car_(apply1_args) = a0;
return apply(f, apply1_args);
}
value_t listn(size_t n, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, n);
uint32_t si = SP;
size_t i;
for(i=0; i < n; i++) {
value_t a = va_arg(ap, value_t);
PUSH(a);
}
cons_t *c = (cons_t*)alloc_words(n*2);
cons_t *l = c;
for(i=0; i < n; i++) {
c->car = Stack[si++];
c->cdr = tagptr(c+1, TAG_CONS);
c++;
}
(c-1)->cdr = NIL;
POPN(n);
va_end(ap);
return tagptr(l, TAG_CONS);
}
value_t list2(value_t a, value_t b)
{
PUSH(a);
PUSH(b);
cons_t *c = (cons_t*)alloc_words(4);
b = POP();
a = POP();
c[0].car = a;
c[0].cdr = tagptr(c+1, TAG_CONS);
c[1].car = b;
c[1].cdr = NIL;
return tagptr(c, TAG_CONS);
}
value_t fl_cons(value_t a, value_t b)
{
PUSH(a);
PUSH(b);
value_t c = mk_cons();
cdr_(c) = POP();
car_(c) = POP();
return c;
}
// NOTE: this is NOT an efficient operation. it is only used by the
// reader; vectors should not generally be resized.
// vector_grow requires at least 1 and up to 3 garbage collections!
static value_t vector_grow(value_t v)
{
size_t s = vector_size(v);
size_t d = vector_grow_amt(s);
PUSH(v);
// first allocate enough space to guarantee the heap will be big enough
// for the new vector
alloc_words(d);
// setting low bit of vector's size acts as a flag to the collector
// to grow this vector as it is relocated
((size_t*)ptr(Stack[SP-1]))[0] |= 0x1;
gc(0);
return POP();
}
int isnumber(value_t v)
{
return (isfixnum(v) || iscprim(v));
}
// read -----------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "read.c"
// eval -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
take the final cdr as an argument so the list builtin can give
the same result as (lambda x x).
however, there is still one interesting difference.
(eq a (apply list a)) is always false for nonempty a, while
(eq a (apply (lambda x x) a)) is always true. the justification for this
is that a vararg lambda often needs to recur by applying itself to the
tail of its argument list, so copying the list would be unacceptable.
*/
static void list(value_t *pv, uint32_t nargs, value_t *plastcdr)
{
cons_t *c;
uint32_t i;
*pv = cons_reserve(nargs);
c = (cons_t*)ptr(*pv);
for(i=SP-nargs; i < SP; i++) {
c->car = Stack[i];
c->cdr = tagptr(c+1, TAG_CONS);
c++;
}
(c-1)->cdr = *plastcdr;
POPN(nargs);
}
#define eval(e) (selfevaluating(e) ? (e) : eval_sexpr((e),penv,0))
#define topeval(e, env) (selfevaluating(e) ? (e) : eval_sexpr((e),env,1))
#define tail_eval(xpr) do { SP = saveSP; \
if (selfevaluating(xpr)) { return (xpr); } \
else { e=(xpr); goto eval_top; } } while (0)
static value_t do_trycatch(value_t expr, uint32_t penv)
{
value_t v;
FL_TRY {
v = eval(expr);
}
FL_CATCH {
v = cdr_(Stack[SP-1]);
if (!iscons(v)) {
v = FL_F; // 1-argument form
}
else {
Stack[SP-1] = eval(car_(v));
v = apply1(Stack[SP-1], lasterror);
}
}
return v;
}
/* stack setup on entry:
n n+1 ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| LL | VAL | VAL | CLO | | | | |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
^ ^
| |
penv SP (who knows where)
where LL is the lambda list, CLO is a closed-up environment vector
(which can be empty, i.e. NIL). An environment vector is just a copy
of the stack from LL through CLO.
There might be zero values, in which case LL is NIL.
Stack[penv-1] is the size of the whole environment (as a fixnum)
if tail==1, you are allowed (indeed encouraged) to overwrite this
environment, otherwise you have to put any new environment on the top
of the stack.
*/
static value_t eval_sexpr(value_t e, uint32_t penv, int tail)
{
value_t f, v, *pv, *argsyms, *body;
cons_t *c;
symbol_t *sym;
uint32_t saveSP, envsz, lenv, nargs;
int i, noeval=0;
fixnum_t s, lo, hi;
cvalue_t *cv;
int64_t accum;
eval_top:
if (issymbol(e)) {
sym = (symbol_t*)ptr(e);
if (sym->syntax == TAG_CONST) return sym->binding;
pv = &Stack[penv];
while (1) {
v = *pv++;
while (iscons(v)) {
if (car_(v)==e) return *pv;
v = cdr_(v); pv++;
}
if (v != NIL) {
if (v == e) return *pv; // dotted list
pv++;
}
if (*pv == NIL) break;
pv = &vector_elt(*pv, 0);
}
if (__unlikely((v = sym->binding) == UNBOUND))
raise(list2(UnboundError, e));
return v;
}
if (__unlikely(SP >= (N_STACK-64)))
lerror(MemoryError, "eval: stack overflow");
saveSP = SP;
v = car_(e);
PUSH(cdr_(e));
if (selfevaluating(v)) f=v;
else if (issymbol(v) && (f=((symbol_t*)ptr(v))->syntax)) {
// handle special syntax forms
if (isspecial(f))
goto apply_special;
else if (f == TAG_CONST)
f = ((symbol_t*)ptr(v))->binding;
else
noeval = 2;
}
else f = eval(v);
v = Stack[saveSP];
if (isbuiltinish(f)) {
// handle builtin function
// evaluate argument list, placing arguments on stack
while (iscons(v)) {
v = eval(car_(v));
PUSH(v);
v = Stack[saveSP] = cdr_(Stack[saveSP]);
}
apply_builtin:
nargs = SP - saveSP - 1;
apply_special:
switch (uintval(f)) {
// special forms
case F_QUOTE:
if (__unlikely(!iscons(Stack[saveSP])))
lerror(ArgError, "quote: expected argument");
v = car_(Stack[saveSP]);
break;
case F_SETQ:
e = car(Stack[saveSP]);
v = eval(car(cdr_(Stack[saveSP])));
pv = &Stack[penv];
while (1) {
f = *pv++;
while (iscons(f)) {
if (car_(f)==e) {
*pv = v;
SP = saveSP;
return v;
}
f = cdr_(f); pv++;
}
if (f != NIL) {
if (f == e) {
*pv = v;
SP = saveSP;
return v;
}
pv++;
}
if (*pv == NIL) break;
pv = &vector_elt(*pv, 0);
}
sym = tosymbol(e, "set!");
if (sym->syntax != TAG_CONST)
sym->binding = v;
break;
case F_LAMBDA:
// build a closure (lambda args body . env)
if (Stack[penv] != NIL) {
// save temporary environment to the heap
lenv = penv;
envsz = numval(Stack[penv-1]);
pv = alloc_words(envsz + 1);
PUSH(tagptr(pv, TAG_VECTOR));
pv[0] = fixnum(envsz);
pv++;
while (envsz--)
*pv++ = Stack[penv++];
// environment representation changed; install
// the new representation so everybody can see it
Stack[lenv] = NIL;
Stack[lenv+1] = Stack[SP-1];
}
else {
PUSH(Stack[penv+1]); // env has already been captured; share
}
c = (cons_t*)ptr(v=cons_reserve(3));
e = Stack[saveSP];
if (!iscons(e)) goto notpair;
c->car = LAMBDA;
c->cdr = tagptr(c+1, TAG_CONS); c++;
c->car = car_(e); //argsyms
c->cdr = tagptr(c+1, TAG_CONS); c++;
if (!iscons(e=cdr_(e))) goto notpair;
c->car = car_(e); //body
c->cdr = Stack[SP-1]; //env
break;
case F_IF:
if (!iscons(Stack[saveSP])) goto notpair;
v = car_(Stack[saveSP]);
if (eval(v) != FL_F) {
v = cdr_(Stack[saveSP]);
if (!iscons(v)) goto notpair;
v = car_(v);
}
else {
v = cdr_(Stack[saveSP]);
if (!iscons(v)) goto notpair;
if (!iscons(v=cdr_(v))) v = FL_F; // allow 2-arg form
else v = car_(v);
}
tail_eval(v);
break;
case F_COND:
pv = &Stack[saveSP]; v = FL_F;
while (iscons(*pv)) {
c = tocons(car_(*pv), "cond");
v = c->car;
// allow last condition to be 'else'
if (iscons(cdr_(*pv)) || v != elsesym)
v = eval(v);
if (v != FL_F) {
*pv = cdr_(car_(*pv));
// evaluate body forms
if (iscons(*pv)) {
while (iscons(cdr_(*pv))) {
v = eval(car_(*pv));
*pv = cdr_(*pv);
}
tail_eval(car_(*pv));
}
break;
}
*pv = cdr_(*pv);
}
break;
case F_AND:
pv = &Stack[saveSP]; v = FL_T;
if (iscons(*pv)) {
while (iscons(cdr_(*pv))) {
if ((v=eval(car_(*pv))) == FL_F) {
SP = saveSP; return FL_F;
}
*pv = cdr_(*pv);
}
tail_eval(car_(*pv));
}
break;
case F_OR:
pv = &Stack[saveSP]; v = FL_F;
if (iscons(*pv)) {
while (iscons(cdr_(*pv))) {
if ((v=eval(car_(*pv))) != FL_F) {
SP = saveSP; return v;
}
*pv = cdr_(*pv);
}
tail_eval(car_(*pv));
}
break;
case F_WHILE:
PUSH(cdr(Stack[saveSP]));
body = &Stack[SP-1];
PUSH(*body);
Stack[saveSP] = car_(Stack[saveSP]);
value_t *cond = &Stack[saveSP];
PUSH(FL_F);
pv = &Stack[SP-1];
while (eval(*cond) != FL_F) {
*body = Stack[SP-2];
while (iscons(*body)) {
*pv = eval(car_(*body));
*body = cdr_(*body);
}
}
v = *pv;
break;
case F_BEGIN:
// return last arg
pv = &Stack[saveSP];
if (iscons(*pv)) {
while (iscons(cdr_(*pv))) {
(void)eval(car_(*pv));
*pv = cdr_(*pv);
}
tail_eval(car_(*pv));
}
v = FL_F;
break;
case F_PROG1:
// return first arg
pv = &Stack[saveSP];
if (__unlikely(!iscons(*pv)))
lerror(ArgError, "prog1: too few arguments");
PUSH(eval(car_(*pv)));
*pv = cdr_(*pv);
while (iscons(*pv)) {
(void)eval(car_(*pv));
*pv = cdr_(*pv);
}
v = POP();
break;
case F_TRYCATCH:
v = do_trycatch(car(Stack[saveSP]), penv);
break;
// ordinary functions
case F_BOUNDP:
argcount("bound?", nargs, 1);
sym = tosymbol(Stack[SP-1], "bound?");
v = (sym->binding == UNBOUND) ? FL_F : FL_T;
break;
case F_EQ:
argcount("eq?", nargs, 2);
v = ((Stack[SP-2] == Stack[SP-1]) ? FL_T : FL_F);
break;
case F_CONS:
argcount("cons", nargs, 2);
if (curheap > lim)
gc(0);
c = (cons_t*)curheap;
curheap += sizeof(cons_t);
c->car = Stack[SP-2];
c->cdr = Stack[SP-1];
v = tagptr(c, TAG_CONS);
break;
case F_LIST:
if (nargs) {
Stack[saveSP] = v;
list(&v, nargs, &Stack[saveSP]);
}
// else v is already set to the final cdr, which is the result
break;
case F_CAR:
argcount("car", nargs, 1);
v = Stack[SP-1];
if (!iscons(v)) goto notpair;
v = car_(v);
break;
case F_CDR:
argcount("cdr", nargs, 1);
v = Stack[SP-1];
if (!iscons(v)) goto notpair;
v = cdr_(v);
break;
case F_SETCAR:
argcount("set-car!", nargs, 2);
car(v=Stack[SP-2]) = Stack[SP-1];
break;
case F_SETCDR:
argcount("set-cdr!", nargs, 2);
cdr(v=Stack[SP-2]) = Stack[SP-1];
break;
case F_VECTOR:
v = alloc_vector(nargs, 0);
memcpy(&vector_elt(v,0), &Stack[saveSP+1], nargs*sizeof(value_t));
break;
case F_LENGTH:
argcount("length", nargs, 1);
if (isvector(Stack[SP-1])) {
v = fixnum(vector_size(Stack[SP-1]));
break;
}
else if (iscprim(Stack[SP-1])) {
cv = (cvalue_t*)ptr(Stack[SP-1]);
if (cp_class(cv) == bytetype) {
v = fixnum(1);
break;
}
else if (cp_class(cv) == wchartype) {
v = fixnum(u8_charlen(*(uint32_t*)cp_data((cprim_t*)cv)));
break;
}
}
else if (iscvalue(Stack[SP-1])) {
cv = (cvalue_t*)ptr(Stack[SP-1]);
if (cv_class(cv)->eltype != NULL) {
v = size_wrap(cvalue_arraylen(Stack[SP-1]));
break;
}
}
else if (Stack[SP-1] == NIL) {
v = fixnum(0); break;
}
else if (iscons(Stack[SP-1])) {
v = fixnum(llength(Stack[SP-1])); break;
}
type_error("length", "sequence", Stack[SP-1]);
break;
case F_AREF:
argcount("aref", nargs, 2);
v = Stack[SP-2];
if (isvector(v)) {
i = tofixnum(Stack[SP-1], "aref");
if (__unlikely((unsigned)i >= vector_size(v)))
bounds_error("aref", v, Stack[SP-1]);
v = vector_elt(v, i);
}
else if (isarray(v)) {
v = cvalue_array_aref(&Stack[SP-2]);
}
else {
// TODO other sequence types?
type_error("aref", "sequence", v);
}
break;
case F_ASET:
argcount("aset!", nargs, 3);
e = Stack[SP-3];
if (isvector(e)) {
i = tofixnum(Stack[SP-2], "aset!");
if (__unlikely((unsigned)i >= vector_size(e)))
bounds_error("aset!", v, Stack[SP-1]);
vector_elt(e, i) = (v=Stack[SP-1]);
}
else if (isarray(e)) {
v = cvalue_array_aset(&Stack[SP-3]);
}
else {
type_error("aset!", "sequence", e);
}
break;
case F_ATOM:
argcount("atom?", nargs, 1);
v = ((!iscons(Stack[SP-1])) ? FL_T : FL_F);
break;
case F_CONSP:
argcount("pair?", nargs, 1);
v = (iscons(Stack[SP-1]) ? FL_T : FL_F);
break;
case F_SYMBOLP:
argcount("symbol?", nargs, 1);
v = ((issymbol(Stack[SP-1])) ? FL_T : FL_F);
break;
case F_NUMBERP:
argcount("number?", nargs, 1);
v = (isfixnum(Stack[SP-1]) || iscprim(Stack[SP-1]) ? FL_T : FL_F);
break;
case F_FIXNUMP:
argcount("fixnum?", nargs, 1);
v = (isfixnum(Stack[SP-1]) ? FL_T : FL_F);
break;
case F_BUILTINP:
argcount("builtin?", nargs, 1);
v = Stack[SP-1];
v = ((isbuiltinish(v) && v!=FL_F && v!=FL_T && v!=NIL)
? FL_T : FL_F);
break;
case F_VECTORP:
argcount("vector?", nargs, 1);
v = ((isvector(Stack[SP-1])) ? FL_T : FL_F);
break;
case F_NOT:
argcount("not", nargs, 1);
v = ((Stack[SP-1] == FL_F) ? FL_T : FL_F);
break;
case F_NULL:
argcount("null?", nargs, 1);
v = ((Stack[SP-1] == NIL) ? FL_T : FL_F);
break;
case F_BOOLEANP:
argcount("boolean?", nargs, 1);
v = Stack[SP-1];
v = ((v == FL_T || v == FL_F) ? FL_T : FL_F);
break;
case F_ADD:
s = 0;
for (i=saveSP+1; i < (int)SP; i++) {
if (__likely(isfixnum(Stack[i]))) {
s += numval(Stack[i]);
if (__unlikely(!fits_fixnum(s))) {
i++;
goto add_ovf;
}
}
else {
add_ovf:
v = fl_add_any(&Stack[i], SP-i, s);
SP = saveSP;
return v;
}
}
v = fixnum(s);
break;
case F_SUB:
if (__unlikely(nargs < 1)) lerror(ArgError, "-: too few arguments");
i = saveSP+1;
if (nargs == 1) {
if (__likely(isfixnum(Stack[i])))
v = fixnum(-numval(Stack[i]));
else
v = fl_neg(Stack[i]);
break;
}
if (nargs == 2) {
if (__likely(bothfixnums(Stack[i], Stack[i+1]))) {
s = numval(Stack[i]) - numval(Stack[i+1]);
if (__likely(fits_fixnum(s))) {
v = fixnum(s);
break;
}
Stack[i+1] = fixnum(-numval(Stack[i+1]));
}
else {
Stack[i+1] = fl_neg(Stack[i+1]);
}
}
else {
Stack[i+1] = fl_neg(fl_add_any(&Stack[i+1], nargs-1, 0));
}
v = fl_add_any(&Stack[i], 2, 0);
break;
case F_MUL:
accum = 1;
for (i=saveSP+1; i < (int)SP; i++) {
if (__likely(isfixnum(Stack[i]))) {
accum *= numval(Stack[i]);
}
else {
v = fl_mul_any(&Stack[i], SP-i, accum);
SP = saveSP;
return v;
}
}
if (__likely(fits_fixnum(accum)))
v = fixnum(accum);
else
v = return_from_int64(accum);
break;
case F_DIV:
if (__unlikely(nargs < 1)) lerror(ArgError, "/: too few arguments");
i = saveSP+1;
if (nargs == 1) {
v = fl_div2(fixnum(1), Stack[i]);
}
else {
if (nargs > 2)
Stack[i+1] = fl_mul_any(&Stack[i+1], nargs-1, 1);
v = fl_div2(Stack[i], Stack[i+1]);
}
break;
case F_BNOT:
argcount("lognot", nargs, 1);
if (isfixnum(Stack[SP-1]))
v = fixnum(~numval(Stack[SP-1]));
else
v = fl_bitwise_not(Stack[SP-1]);
break;
case F_COMPARE:
argcount("compare", nargs, 2);
v = compare(Stack[SP-2], Stack[SP-1]);
break;
case F_LT:
argcount("<", nargs, 2);
if (bothfixnums(Stack[SP-2], Stack[SP-1])) {
v = (numval(Stack[SP-2]) < numval(Stack[SP-1])) ? FL_T : FL_F;
}
else {
v = (numval(compare(Stack[SP-2], Stack[SP-1])) < 0) ?
FL_T : FL_F;
}
break;
case F_EQUAL:
argcount("equal?", nargs, 2);
if (Stack[SP-2] == Stack[SP-1]) {
v = FL_T;
}
else if (eq_comparable(Stack[SP-2],Stack[SP-1])) {
v = FL_F;
}
else {
v = (numval(compare(Stack[SP-2], Stack[SP-1]))==0) ?
FL_T : FL_F;
}
break;
case F_EQV:
argcount("eqv?", nargs, 2);
if (Stack[SP-2] == Stack[SP-1]) {
v = FL_T;
}
else if (!leafp(Stack[SP-2]) || !leafp(Stack[SP-1])) {
v = FL_F;
}
else {
v = (numval(compare(Stack[SP-2], Stack[SP-1]))==0) ?
FL_T : FL_F;
}
break;
case F_EVAL:
argcount("eval", nargs, 1);
v = Stack[SP-1];
if (selfevaluating(v)) { SP=saveSP; return v; }
if (tail) {
Stack[penv-1] = fixnum(2);
Stack[penv] = NIL;
Stack[penv+1] = NIL;
SP = penv + 2;
e=v;
goto eval_top;
}
else {
PUSH(fixnum(2));
PUSH(NIL);
PUSH(NIL);
v = eval_sexpr(v, SP-2, 1);
}
break;
case F_EVALSTAR:
argcount("eval*", nargs, 1);
e = Stack[SP-1];
if (selfevaluating(e)) { SP=saveSP; return e; }
SP = penv+2;
goto eval_top;
case F_FOR:
argcount("for", nargs, 3);
lo = tofixnum(Stack[SP-3], "for");
hi = tofixnum(Stack[SP-2], "for");
f = Stack[SP-1];
v = car(cdr(f));
if (!iscons(v) || !iscons(cdr_(cdr_(f))) || cdr_(v) != NIL)
lerror(ArgError, "for: expected 1 argument lambda");
f = cdr_(f);
PUSH(f); // save function cdr
SP += 4; // make space
Stack[SP-4] = fixnum(3); // env size
Stack[SP-1] = cdr_(cdr_(f)); // cloenv
v = FL_F;
for(s=lo; s <= hi; s++) {
f = Stack[SP-5];
Stack[SP-3] = car_(f); // lambda list
Stack[SP-2] = fixnum(s); // argument value
v = car_(cdr_(f));
if (!selfevaluating(v)) v = eval_sexpr(v, SP-3, 0);
}
break;
case F_SPECIAL_APPLY:
v = Stack[saveSP-4];
f = Stack[saveSP-5];
PUSH(f);
PUSH(v);
nargs = 2;
// falls through!!
case F_APPLY:
argcount("apply", nargs, 2);
v = Stack[saveSP] = Stack[SP-1]; // second arg is new arglist
f = Stack[SP-2]; // first arg is new function
POPN(2); // pop apply's args
if (isbuiltinish(f)) {
assert(!isspecial(f));
// unpack arglist onto the stack
while (iscons(v)) {
PUSH(car_(v));
v = cdr_(v);
}
goto apply_builtin;
}
noeval = 1;
goto apply_lambda;
case F_TRUE:
case F_FALSE:
case F_NIL:
goto apply_type_error;
default:
// function pointer tagged as a builtin
v = ((builtin_t)ptr(f))(&Stack[saveSP+1], nargs);
}
SP = saveSP;
return v;
}
apply_lambda:
if (__likely(iscons(f))) {
// apply lambda expression
f = cdr_(f);
PUSH(f);
if (!iscons(f)) goto notpair;
PUSH(car_(f)); // arglist
argsyms = &Stack[SP-1];
// build a calling environment for the lambda
// the environment is the argument binds on top of the captured
// environment
if (noeval) {
while (iscons(v)) {
// bind args
if (!iscons(*argsyms)) {
if (__unlikely(*argsyms == NIL))
lerror(ArgError, "apply: too many arguments");
break;
}
PUSH(car_(v));
*argsyms = cdr_(*argsyms);
v = cdr_(v);
}
if (*argsyms != NIL && issymbol(*argsyms))
PUSH(v);
}
else {
while (iscons(v)) {
// bind args
if (!iscons(*argsyms)) {
if (__unlikely(*argsyms == NIL))
lerror(ArgError, "apply: too many arguments");
break;
}
v = eval(car_(v));
PUSH(v);
*argsyms = cdr_(*argsyms);
v = Stack[saveSP] = cdr_(Stack[saveSP]);
}
if (*argsyms != NIL && issymbol(*argsyms)) {
PUSH(Stack[saveSP]);
// this version uses collective allocation. about 7-10%
// faster for lists with > 2 elements, but uses more
// stack space
i = SP;
while (iscons(Stack[saveSP])) {
v = car_(Stack[saveSP]);
v = eval(v);
PUSH(v);
Stack[saveSP] = cdr_(Stack[saveSP]);
}
if (SP > (uint32_t)i)
list(&Stack[i-1], SP-i, &Stack[saveSP]);
}
}
if (__unlikely(iscons(*argsyms))) {
lerror(ArgError, "apply: too few arguments");
}
f = cdr_(Stack[saveSP+1]);
if (!iscons(f)) goto notpair;
e = car_(f);
if (selfevaluating(e)) { SP=saveSP; return(e); }
PUSH(cdr_(f)); // add closed environment
*argsyms = car_(Stack[saveSP+1]); // put lambda list
if (noeval == 2) {
// macro: evaluate body in lambda environment
Stack[saveSP+1] = fixnum(SP-saveSP-2);
e = eval_sexpr(e, saveSP+2, 1);
SP = saveSP;
if (selfevaluating(e)) return(e);
noeval = 0;
// macro: evaluate expansion in calling environment
goto eval_top;
}
else {
envsz = SP - saveSP - 2;
if (tail) {
noeval = 0;
// ok to overwrite environment
for(i=0; i < (int)envsz; i++)
Stack[penv+i] = Stack[saveSP+2+i];
SP = penv+envsz;
Stack[penv-1] = fixnum(envsz);
goto eval_top;
}
else {
Stack[saveSP+1] = fixnum(envsz);
v = eval_sexpr(e, saveSP+2, 1);
SP = saveSP;
return v;
}
}
// not reached
}
apply_type_error:
type_error("apply", "function", f);
notpair:
lerror(TypeError, "expected cons");
return NIL;
}
// initialization -------------------------------------------------------------
extern void builtins_init();
extern void comparehash_init();
static char *EXEDIR = NULL;
void assign_global_builtins(builtinspec_t *b)
{
while (b->name != NULL) {
set(symbol(b->name), cbuiltin(b->name, b->fptr));
b++;
}
}
static void lisp_init(void)
{
int i;
llt_init();
fromspace = malloc(heapsize);
tospace = malloc(heapsize);
curheap = fromspace;
lim = curheap+heapsize-sizeof(cons_t);
consflags = bitvector_new(heapsize/sizeof(cons_t), 1);
htable_new(&printconses, 32);
comparehash_init();
NIL = builtin(F_NIL);
FL_T = builtin(F_TRUE);
FL_F = builtin(F_FALSE);
LAMBDA = symbol("lambda");
QUOTE = symbol("quote");
TRYCATCH = symbol("trycatch");
BACKQUOTE = symbol("backquote");
COMMA = symbol("*comma*");
COMMAAT = symbol("*comma-at*");
COMMADOT = symbol("*comma-dot*");
IOError = symbol("io-error");
ParseError = symbol("parse-error");
TypeError = symbol("type-error");
ArgError = symbol("arg-error");
UnboundError = symbol("unbound-error");
KeyError = symbol("key-error");
MemoryError = symbol("memory-error");
BoundsError = symbol("bounds-error");
DivideError = symbol("divide-error");
EnumerationError = symbol("enumeration-error");
Error = symbol("error");
conssym = symbol("cons");
symbolsym = symbol("symbol");
fixnumsym = symbol("fixnum");
vectorsym = symbol("vector");
builtinsym = symbol("builtin");
booleansym = symbol("boolean");
nullsym = symbol("null");
definesym = symbol("define");
defmacrosym = symbol("define-macro");
forsym = symbol("for");
labelsym = symbol("label");
setqsym = symbol("set!");
elsesym = symbol("else");
tsym = symbol("t"); Tsym = symbol("T");
fsym = symbol("f"); Fsym = symbol("F");
set(printprettysym=symbol("*print-pretty*"), FL_T);
set(printwidthsym=symbol("*print-width*"), fixnum(SCR_WIDTH));
lasterror = NIL;
special_apply_form = fl_cons(builtin(F_SPECIAL_APPLY), NIL);
apply1_args = fl_cons(NIL, NIL);
i = 0;
while (isspecial(builtin(i))) {
if (i != F_SPECIAL_APPLY)
((symbol_t*)ptr(symbol(builtin_names[i])))->syntax = builtin(i);
i++;
}
for (; i < F_TRUE; i++) {
setc(symbol(builtin_names[i]), builtin(i));
}
setc(symbol("eq"), builtin(F_EQ));
setc(symbol("equal"), builtin(F_EQUAL));
#ifdef LINUX
set(symbol("*os-name*"), symbol("linux"));
#elif defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64)
set(symbol("*os-name*"), symbol("win32"));
#elif defined(MACOSX)
set(symbol("*os-name*"), symbol("macos"));
#else
set(symbol("*os-name*"), symbol("unknown"));
#endif
cvalues_init();
set(symbol("gensym"), cbuiltin("gensym", gensym));
set(symbol("hash"), cbuiltin("hash", fl_hash));
char buf[1024];
char *exename = get_exename(buf, sizeof(buf));
if (exename != NULL) {
path_to_dirname(exename);
EXEDIR = strdup(exename);
setc(symbol("*install-dir*"), cvalue_static_cstring(EXEDIR));
}
memory_exception_value = list2(MemoryError,
cvalue_static_cstring("out of memory"));
builtins_init();
}
// repl -----------------------------------------------------------------------
value_t toplevel_eval(value_t expr)
{
value_t v;
uint32_t saveSP = SP;
PUSH(fixnum(2));
PUSH(NIL);
PUSH(NIL);
v = topeval(expr, SP-2);
SP = saveSP;
return v;
}
static value_t argv_list(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i;
PUSH(NIL);
for(i=argc-1; i >= 0; i--) {
PUSH(cvalue_static_cstring(argv[i]));
Stack[SP-2] = fl_cons(Stack[SP-1], Stack[SP-2]);
(void)POP();
}
return POP();
}
int locale_is_utf8;
extern value_t fl_file(value_t *args, uint32_t nargs);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
value_t e, v;
char fname_buf[1024];
locale_is_utf8 = u8_is_locale_utf8(setlocale(LC_ALL, ""));
lisp_init();
fname_buf[0] = '\0';
if (EXEDIR != NULL) {
strcat(fname_buf, EXEDIR);
strcat(fname_buf, PATHSEPSTRING);
}
strcat(fname_buf, "system.lsp");
FL_TRY {
// install toplevel exception handler
PUSH(cvalue_static_cstring(fname_buf));
PUSH(symbol(":read"));
value_t f = fl_file(&Stack[SP-2], 2);
POPN(2);
PUSH(f);
while (1) {
e = read_sexpr(Stack[SP-1]);
if (ios_eof(value2c(ios_t*,Stack[SP-1]))) break;
v = toplevel_eval(e);
}
ios_close(value2c(ios_t*,Stack[SP-1]));
(void)POP();
PUSH(symbol_value(symbol("__start")));
PUSH(argv_list(argc, argv));
(void)toplevel_eval(special_apply_form);
}
FL_CATCH {
ios_puts("fatal error during bootstrap:\n", ios_stderr);
print(ios_stderr, lasterror, 0);
ios_putc('\n', ios_stderr);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
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