672 lines
19 KiB
Groff
672 lines
19 KiB
Groff
.\" $Revision: 1.12 $
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.ds Ve 1.0
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.\"
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.de Ex
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.RS
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.nf
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.nr sf \\n(.f
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. ft B
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. if n .sp
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.de Ee
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.if !\\n(.U \{\
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. ft \\n(sf
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. if t .sp .5 \}
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.RE
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..
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.\"
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.de Sd
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.ds Dt \\$2
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..
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.\"
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.Sd $Date: 1995/08/23 12:07:31 $
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.TH unroff-html 1 "\*(Dt"
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.SH NAME
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unroff-html \- HTML 2.0 back-end for the programmable troff translator
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B unroff
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[
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.B \-fhtml
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] [
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.BI \-m package
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] [
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.IR file " | " option...\&
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]
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.SH OVERVIEW
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When called with the
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.B \-fhtml
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option,
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.I unroff
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loads the back-end for the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) version 2.0.
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Please read
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.BR unroff (1)
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first for an overview of the Scheme-based, programmable troff translator
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and for a description of the generic options that exist in
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addition to
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.B \-f
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and
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.BR \-m .
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For information about extending and programming
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.I unroff
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also refer to the
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.IR "Unroff Programmer's Manual" .
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.LP
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.I unroff
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is usually invoked with an additional
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.BI \-m package
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option (such as
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.B \-ms
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or
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.BR \-man )
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to load the translation rules for the troff macros and other elements
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defined by the macro package that is used to typeset the document.
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If no
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.B \-m
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option is supplied, only the standard troff requests, special characters,
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escape sequences, etc. are recognized and translated to HTML by
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.I unroff
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as described in this manual.
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.SH OPTIONS
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The following HTML-specific options can be specified in the command
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line after the generic options.
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See
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.BR unroff (1)
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for a general description of keyword/value options and their types
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and for a list of options that are not specific to the target language.
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.TP
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.BR title " (string)"
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The value to be used for the <title> element in HTML output files.
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This option may be ignored by the code implementing a specific
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macro set, e.\|g. when special rules are employed to derive the title
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from the contents of the troff input files.
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Whether or not this option is required also depends on the specific
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.B \-m
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option used, but it may be omitted if no
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.B \-m
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option is given.
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.TP
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.BR document " (string)"
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The prefix used for the names of all output files.
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May be ignored depending on the macro package that has been selected.
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.TP
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.BR mail-address " (string)"
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The caller's mail address; may be used for \*(lqmailto:\*(rq URLs,
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in particular for the \*(lqhref\*(rq attribute of the <link>
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element that is usually generated.
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.TP
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.BR tt-preformat " (boolean)"
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If 1, font changes to a font that is mapped to the <tt> element
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are honored inside non-filled text (as described below).
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The default is 0, i.\|e. the font changes will be recorded, but no
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corresponding HTML tags will be emitted for them.
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.TP
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.BR handle-eqn " (string)"
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.TP
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.BR handle-tbl " (string)"
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.TP
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.BR handle-pic " (string)"
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These options specify how equations, tables, and pictures encountered
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in the troff input are processed.
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Possible values are \*(lqcopy\*(rq to include the raw eqn, tbl, or
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pic commands as pre-formatted text, \*(lqtext\*(rq to run the
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respective troff preprocessor (eqn, tbl, or pic) and include its output
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as pre-formatted text, or \*(lqgif\*(rq to convert the preprocessor
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output to a GIF image and include it in the HTML document as
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an inline image.
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The default is \*(lqtext\*(rq for
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.BR handle-tbl ,
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\*(lqgif\*(rq for the other options.
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See DESCRIPTION below for more information.
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.TP
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.BR eqn " (string)"
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.TP
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.BR tbl " (string)"
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.TP
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.BR pic " (string)"
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These options specify the programs to invoke as the eqn, tbl,
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and pic preprocessors.
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The defaults are site-dependent.
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.TP
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.BR troff-to-text " (string)"
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.TP
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.BR troff-to-gif " (string)"
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The programs to invoke for converting the output of a troff preprocessor
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to plain text or to a GIF image.
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The default values are site-dependent.
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See DESCRIPTION below for more information on these options.
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.SH FILES
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If no
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.B \-m
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option is supplied,
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.I unroff
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reads the specified input files and sends the HTML document to
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standard output, unless the
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.B document
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option is given, in which case its value together
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with the suffix \*(lq.html\*(rq is used as the name of an
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output file.
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If no input files are specified, input is taken from standard input.
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The output is enclosed by the usual HTML boiler-plate (<html>, <head>,
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and <body> elements), a <title> element with the specified title
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(or the value of
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.B document
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if no title has been given, or a default title if both are omitted),
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a <link> element with rev= and href= attributes if
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.B mail-address
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has been set, and any pending end tags are generated on end of input.
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.LP
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Note that this is the default action that is performed in the
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rare case when no macro package name has been specified, i.\|e. when
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processing \*(lqbare\*(rq troff input.
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Somewhat different rules may apply when processing, for
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example, a group of UNIX manual pages
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.RB ( \-man ).
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.LP
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See
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.BR unroff (1)
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for a list of Scheme files that are loaded on startup.
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.SS "OUTPUT TRANSLATIONS"
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The characters `<', `>', and `&' are replaced by the entities
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`<', `>', and `&' on output.
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In addition, the quote character is mapped to `"' where
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appropriate.
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New mappings can be added by means of the
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.I defchar
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Scheme primitive as explained in the Programmer's Manual.
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.SS COMMENTS
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each troff comment is translated to a corresponding HTML tag
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followed by a newline; empty comments are ignored.
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Comments are also ignored when appearing inside a macro body.
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.SS "ESCAPE SEQUENCES"
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The following is a list of troff escape sequences that are recognized
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and the HTML output generated for them.
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Any escape sequence that does not appear in the list
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expands to the character after the escape character, and
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a warning is printed in this case.
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New definitions can be added and the predefined mappings can
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be replaced by calling the
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.I defescape
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Scheme primitive in the user's initialization file, in a user-supplied
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Scheme file, in a document, or on a site-wide basis by modifying
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the file
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.B scm/html/common.scm
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in the installation directory.
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.LP
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.nf
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.if !\n(.U .ta 8n 16n 24n 32n 40n 48n 56n
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\e& nothing
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\e- -
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\e| nothing
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\e^ nothing
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\e\e \e
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\e' '
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\e` `
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\e" rest of line as HTML comment tag
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\e% nothing
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\e{ conditional input begin
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\e} conditional input end
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\e* contents of string
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\espace space
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\e0 space
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\ec nothing; eats following newline
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\ee \e
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\es nothing
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\eu nothing, prints warning
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\ed nothing, prints warning
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\ev nothing, prints warning
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\eo its argument, prints warning
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\ez its argument, prints warning
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\ek sets specified register to zero
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\eh appropriate number of spaces for positive argument
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\ew length of argument in units
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\el repeats specified character, or <hr>
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\en contents of number register
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\ef see description of fonts below
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.fi
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.SS "SPECIAL CHARACTERS"
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The following special characters are mapped to their equivalent
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ISO-Latin 1 entities:
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.LP
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.nf
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\e(12 \e(14 \e(34 \e(*b \e(*m \e(+- \e(:A
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\e(:O \e(:U \e(:a \e(:o \e(:u \e(A: \e(Cs
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\e(O: \e(Po \e(S1 \e(S2 \e(S3 \e(U: \e(Ye
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\e(a: \e(bb \e(cd \e(co \e(ct \e(de \e(di
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\e(es \e(hy \e(mu \e(no \e(o: \e(r! \e(r?
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\e(rg \e(sc \e(ss \e(tm \e(u:
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.fi
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.LP
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Heuristics have to be used for the following special characters:
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.LP
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.nf
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\e(** *
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\e(-> ->
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\e(<- <-
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\e(<= <=
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\e(== ==
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\e(>= >=
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\e(Fi ffi
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\e(Fl ffl
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\e(aa '
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\e(ap ~
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\e(br |
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\e(bu + (prints a warning)
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\e(bv |
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\e(ci O
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\e(dd *** (prints a warning)
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\e(dg ** (prints a warning)
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\e(em --
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\e(en -
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\e(eq =
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\e(ff ff
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\e(fi fi
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\e(fl fl
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\e(fm '
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\e(ga `
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\e(lh <=
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\e(lq ``
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\e(mi -
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\e(or |
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\e(pl +
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\e(rh =>
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\e(rq ''
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\e(ru _
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\e(sl /
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\e(sq o (prints a warning)
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\e(ul _
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\e(~= ~
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.fi
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.LP
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A warning is printed to standard error output for any special
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character not mentioned in this section.
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To add new definitions, and to customize existing ones, the
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.I defspecial
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Scheme primitive can be used.
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.SS "NON-FILLED TEXT"
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The
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.B .nf
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and
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.B .fi
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troff requests generate pairs of <pre> and </pre> tags.
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Nested requests are treated correctly, and currently
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active character formatting elements such as <i> (resulting
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from troff font changes) are temporarily disabled while
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the <pre> or </pre> is emitted.
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A warning is printed if a \*(lqtab\*(rq character is encountered
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within filled text.
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.SS FONTS
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The `\ef' escape sequence and the requests
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.B .ft
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(change current font) and
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.B .fp
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(mount font at font position) are supported in the usual way,
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both with numeric font positions as well as font names and
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the special name `P' to denote the previous font.
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The font position of the currently active font is available
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through the read-only number register `.f'.
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Initially, the font `R' is mounted on font positions 1 and 4,
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font `I' on font position 2, and font `B' on position 3.
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.LP
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To map troff font names to HTML character formatting elements,
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the \f2define-font\fP Scheme procedure is called with the name
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of a troff font to be used in documents, and
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HTML start and end tags to be emitted when changing to this font,
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or when changing
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.I from
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this font to another font, respectively.
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Whether <tt> and </tt> is generated inside non-filled (pre-formatted)
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text for fixed-width fonts is controlled by the option
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.BR tt-preformat .
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The following calls to
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.I define-font
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are evaluated on startup:
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.LP
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.nf
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.if !\n(.U \{\
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. ft C
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. ps -1
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. vs -1 \}
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(define-font "R" "" "")
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(define-font "I" '<i> '</i>)
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(define-font "B" '<b> '</b>)
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(define-font "C" '<tt> '</tt>)
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(define-font "CW" '<tt> '</tt>)
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(define-font "CO" '<i> '</i>) ; kludge for Courier-Oblique
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.if !\n(.U \{\
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. ft
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. ps
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. vs \}
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.fi
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.LP
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Site administrators may add definitions here for fonts used
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at their site.
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Users can define mappings for new fonts by placing corresponding
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definitions in their documents or document-specific Scheme files.
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.SS "OTHER TROFF REQUESTS"
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The
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.B .br
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request generates a <br> tag.
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.LP
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.B .sp
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requires a positive argument and is mapped to the appropriate number
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of <p> tags (or newline characters inside non-filled/pre-formatted
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text).
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Likewise, the request
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.BR .ti ,
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when called with a positive indent, produces a <br> followed by the
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appropriate number of non-breakable spaces.
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.LP
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The
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.B .tl
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requests justs emits the title parts delimited by spaces.
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It is impossible to preserve the meaning of this request
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in HTML 2.0.
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.LP
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The horizontal line drawing escape sequence `\el' just repeats
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the specified character (or underline as default) to draw
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a line.
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If the given length looks like it could be the line length
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(that is, if it exceeds a certain value), a <hr> tag
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is produced instead.
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Example:
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.LP
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.nf
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\el'5c\e&-'
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\el'60'
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.fi
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.LP
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The first of these two requests
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would produce a line of 20 dashes, while the second
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request would generate a <hr> tag (the '\e&' is required
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because the dash could be interpreted as a continuation of
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the numeric expression).
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.LP
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Centering
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.RB ( .ce )
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is simulated by producing a <br> at the end of each line, as
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this functionality is not supported by HTML 2.0.
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.LP
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The following requests are silently ignored; as the corresponding
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functions cannot be expressed in HTML 2.0 or are controlled by
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the client.
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Ignoring these requests most likely does no harm.
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.LP
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.nf
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.ad .bp .ch .fl .hw .hy .lg
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.na .ne .nh .ns .pl .ps .rs
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.vs .wh
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.fi
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.LP
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All troff requests not mentioned in this section by default
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cause a warning message to be printed to standard error output,
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except for these basic requests which have their usual
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semantics:
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.LP
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.nf
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.am .as .de .ds .ec .el .ie
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.if .ig .nr .rm .rr .so .tm
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.fi
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.LP
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The
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.I defrequest
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Scheme primitive is used to associate an event handling procedure
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with a request as documented in the Programmer's Manual.
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.SS "END OF SENTENCE"
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The sequence \*(lq<tt>space</tt>\*(rq is produced at the end of
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each sentence to provide additional space, except inside non-filled text.
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A sentence is defined a sequence of characters followed by
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a period, a question mark, or an exclamation mark, followed
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by a newline.
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|
The usual convention to suppress end-of-sentence recognition
|
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by adding the escape sequence `\e&' is correctly implemented by
|
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.IR unroff .
|
|
To change the end-of-sentence function, the
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.I sentence-event
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can be redefined from within Scheme code as described in
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the Programmer's Manual.
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.SS "SCALE INDICATORS"
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As the notions of vertical spacing, character width, device
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resolution, etc. do not exist in HTML, the scaling for the
|
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usual troff scale indicators is defined once on startup and
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then remains constant.
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For simplicity, the scaling usually employed by
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.BR nroff (1)
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is taken.
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.SS "EQUATIONS, TABLES, PICTURES"
|
|
Interpretation of embedded eqn, tbl, and pic preprocessor input
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is controlled by the options
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|
.BR handle-eqn ,
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|
.BR handle-tbl ,
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|
and
|
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.B handle-pic
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(see OPTIONS above).
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|
These options affect the input lines from a starting
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.BR .EQ ,
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.BR .TS ,
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or
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.B .PS
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request up to and including the matching
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.BR .EN ,
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.BR .TE ,
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or
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.B .PE
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request, as well as text surrounded by the current eqn
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inline equation delimiters.
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|
Each of the options can have one the following values:
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.TP
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.B copy
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|
The preprocessor input (including the enclosing requests) is
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|
placed inside <pre> and </pre>.
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|
If assigned to the option
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.BR handle-eqn ,
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|
inline equations are rendered in the font currently mounted
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on font position 2.
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.TP
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.B text
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The input is sent to the respective preprocessor (as specified
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by the options
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.BR eqn ,
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|
.BR tbl ,
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or
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|
.BR pic ),
|
|
and its result is piped to the shell command referred to by the
|
|
option
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|
.BR troff-to-text ,
|
|
which typically involves a call to
|
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.BR nroff (1)
|
|
or an equivalent command.
|
|
As with \*(lqcopy\*(rq, the result is then placed inside
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<pre> and </pre>, unless the source is an inline equation.
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.IP
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The value of
|
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.B troff-to-text
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|
is filtered through a call to the
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.I substitute
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Scheme primitive with the name of an output file as its argument;
|
|
this file name can be referenced from within the option's value
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|
by the substitute specifier \*(lq%1%\*(rq (see the Programmer's
|
|
Manual for a description of
|
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.I substitute
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|
and a list of substitute specifiers).
|
|
Here is a typical value for the
|
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.B troff-to-text
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option:
|
|
.Ex
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"groff \-Tascii | col \-b | sed '/^[ \et]*$/d' > %1%"
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.Ee
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.TP
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.B gif
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|
Input lines are preprocessed as described under \*(lqtext\*(rq, and
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|
the result is piped to the shell command named by the option
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|
.BR troff-to-gif .
|
|
The latter is subject to a call to
|
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.I substitute
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with the name of a temporary file (which may be used to store intermediate
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PostScript output) and the name of the output file where the resulting
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GIF image must be stored.
|
|
The entire preprocessor input is replaced by an <img> element with
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a reference to the GIF file and a suitable \*(lqalt=\*(rq attribute.
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|
Unless processing an inline equation, the <img> element is
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surrounded by <p> tags.
|
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.IP
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|
The names of the files containing the GIF images are generated
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|
from the value of the
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.B document
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option, a sequence number, and the suffix \*(lq.gif\*(rq.
|
|
Therefore, the
|
|
.B document
|
|
option must have been set when using the \*(lqgif\*(rq method,
|
|
otherwise a warning is printed and the preprocessor input
|
|
is skipped.
|
|
.LP
|
|
In any case, the output of a call to eqn is ignored if the
|
|
input consists of calls to \*(lqdelim\*(rq or \*(lqdefine\*(rq
|
|
and empty lines exclusively.
|
|
When processing eqn input, calls to \*(lqdelim\*(rq are intercepted by
|
|
.I unroff
|
|
to record changes of the inline equation delimiters.
|
|
.SS "HYPERTEXT LINKS"
|
|
The facilities for embedding arbitrary hypertext links in troff
|
|
documents are still experimental in this version of
|
|
.I unroff
|
|
and thus are likely to change in future releases.
|
|
To use them, mention the file name \*(lqhyper.scm\*(rq in the
|
|
command line before any troff source files.
|
|
At the beginning of the first troff file, source the file
|
|
\*(lqtmac.hyper\*(rq from the directory \*(lqdoc\*(rq like this:
|
|
.LP
|
|
.nf
|
|
.if !\en(.U .so tmac.hyper
|
|
.fi
|
|
.LP
|
|
The request
|
|
.B .Hr
|
|
can then be used to create a hypertext link.
|
|
Its usage is:
|
|
.LP
|
|
.nf
|
|
.Hr -url URL anchor-text [suffix]
|
|
.Hr -symbolic label anchor-text [suffix]
|
|
.Hr troff-text
|
|
.fi
|
|
.LP
|
|
The first two forms are recognized by
|
|
.I unroff
|
|
and the third form is recognized by troff.
|
|
The first form is used for links pointing to external resources,
|
|
and the second one is used for forward or backward links referencing
|
|
anchors defined in a file belonging to the same document.
|
|
An anchor is placed in the document by calling the request
|
|
.BR .Ha :
|
|
.LP
|
|
.nf
|
|
.Ha label anchor-text
|
|
.fi
|
|
.LP
|
|
The label specified in a call to
|
|
.B .Ha
|
|
can then be used in calls to
|
|
.BR ".Hr -symbolic" .
|
|
All symbolic references must have been resolved at the end of the document.
|
|
The \*(lqanchor-text\*(rq is placed between the tags <a> and </a>;
|
|
\*(lqsuffix\*(rq is appended to the closing </a> if present.
|
|
\*(lqtroff-text\*(rq is just formatted in the normal way.
|
|
Quotes must be used if any of the arguments contains spaces.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Use of the hypertext facilities is demonstrated by the troff source
|
|
of the Programmer's Manual that is included in the
|
|
.I unroff
|
|
distribution.
|
|
.SH "SCHEME PROCEDURES"
|
|
The following Scheme procedures, macros, and variables are defined
|
|
by the HTML 2.0 back-end and can be used from within user-supplied
|
|
Scheme code:
|
|
.TP
|
|
(\f2define-font name start-tag end-tag\fP)
|
|
Associates a HTML start tag and end tag (symbols) with a troff
|
|
font name (string) as explained under FONTS above.
|
|
The font name can then be used in
|
|
.BR .fp ,
|
|
.BR .ft ,
|
|
and `\ef' requests.
|
|
.TP
|
|
(\f2reset-font\fP)
|
|
Resets both the current and previous font to the font mounted
|
|
on position 1.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\f2current-font\fP
|
|
.TP
|
|
\f2previous-font\fP
|
|
These variables hold the current and previous font as
|
|
(integer) font positions.
|
|
.TP
|
|
(\f2with-font-preserved\fP . \f2body\fP)
|
|
This macro can be used to temporarily change to font \*(lqR\*(rq,
|
|
evaluate \f2body\fP, and revert to the font that has been
|
|
active when the form was entered.
|
|
The macro returns a string that can be output using the
|
|
primitive \f2emit\fP or returned from an event procedure.
|
|
.TP
|
|
(\f2preform enable?\fP)
|
|
If the argument is #t, pre-formatted text is enabled, otherwise disabled.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\f2preform?\fP
|
|
This boolean variable holds #t if pre-formatted text is enabled,
|
|
#f otherwise.
|
|
.TP
|
|
(\f2with-preform-preserved\fP . \f2body\fP)
|
|
A macro that can be used to temporarily disable pre-formatted
|
|
text, evaluate \f2body\fP, and then re-enable it if appropriate.
|
|
The macro expands to a string that must be output or returned from
|
|
an event procedure.
|
|
.TP
|
|
(\f2parse-unquote string\fP)
|
|
Temporarily establishes an output translation to map the quote
|
|
character to \*(lq"\*(rq, applies \f2parse\fP (explained
|
|
in the Programmer's Manual) to its argument, and returns the result.
|
|
.TP
|
|
(\f2center n\fP)
|
|
Centers the next \f2n\fP input lines (see description of
|
|
.B .ce
|
|
under TROFF REQUESTS above).
|
|
If \f2n\fP is zero, centering is stopped.
|
|
.TP
|
|
\f2nbsp\fP
|
|
A Scheme variable that holds a string interpreted as a non-breaking
|
|
space by HTML clients.
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.BR unroff (1),
|
|
.BR unroff-html-man (1),
|
|
.BR unroff-html-ms (1);
|
|
.br
|
|
.BR troff (1),
|
|
.BR nroff (1),
|
|
.BR groff (1),
|
|
.BR eqn (1),
|
|
.BR tbl (1),
|
|
.BR pic (1).
|
|
.LP
|
|
Unroff Programmer's Manual.
|
|
.LP
|
|
http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~net/unroff
|
|
.LP
|
|
Berners-Lee, Connolly, et al.,
|
|
HyperText Markup Language Specification\(em2.0,
|
|
Internet Draft, Internet Engineering Task Force.
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
|
The `\espace' escape sequence should be mapped to the   entity
|
|
(non-breaking space), but this entity is not supported by a number
|
|
of HTML clients.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Only the font positions 1 to 9 can currently be used.
|
|
There should be no limit.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The extra space generated for end of sentence should be configurable.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Underlining should be supported.
|