1996-09-27 06:29:02 -04:00
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Tk Built-In Commands - scrollbar manual page</TITLE></HEAD>
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1998-04-10 06:59:06 -04:00
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1996-09-27 06:29:02 -04:00
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<BODY bgcolor = #c3c3ff>
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<H2><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="./Img/ManPageBlue.gif"> scrollbar</H2>
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<I>Create and manipulate scrollbar widgets</I><P><IMG ALIGN=TOP SRC="./Img/line-red.gif">
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<H3><A NAME="M2">SYNOPSIS</A></H3>
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(<B>scrollbar</B><I> widget-name </I>?<I>options</I>?)<BR>
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<H3><A NAME="M3">STANDARD OPTIONS</A></H3>
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<PRE>
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<B><A HREF="options.n.html#M:activebackground">:activebackground</A></B> <B><A HREF="options.n.html#M:background">:background</A></B>
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<B><A HREF="options.n.html#M:borderwidth">:borderwidth</A></B> <B><A HREF="options.n.html#M:cursor">:cursor</A></B>
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<B><A HREF="options.n.html#M:highlightbackground">:highlightbackground</A></B> <B><A HREF="options.n.html#M:highlightcolor">:highlightcolor</A></B>
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<B><A HREF="options.n.html#M:highlightthickness">:highlightthickness</A></B> <B><A HREF="options.n.html#M:jump">:jump</A></B>
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<B><A HREF="options.n.html#M:orient">:orient</A></B> <B><A HREF="options.n.html#M:relief">:relief</A></B>
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<B><A HREF="options.n.html#M:repeatdelay">:repeatdelay</A></B> <B><A HREF="options.n.html#M:repeatinterval">:repeatinterval</A></B>
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<B><A HREF="options.n.html#M:takefocus">:takefocus</A></B> <B><A HREF="options.n.html#M:troughcolor">:troughcolor</A></B>
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</PRE>
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<H3><A NAME="M18">WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS</A></H3>
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<DL>
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<P>
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<DT><I>Name</I>: <B>activeRelief</B>
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<DT><I>Class</I>: <B>ActiveRelief</B>
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<DT><I>Option keyword</I>: <B><A NAME="M19">:activerelief</A></B>
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<DT><I>STklos slot name</I>: <B>active-relief</B>
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<DD>Specifies the relief to use when displaying the element that is
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active, if any.
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Elements other than the active element are always displayed with
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a raised relief.
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<P>
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<P>
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<DT><I>Name</I>: <B>command</B>
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<DT><I>Class</I>: <B>Command</B>
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<DT><I>Option keyword</I>: <B><A NAME="M20">:command</A></B>
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<DT><I>STklos slot name</I>: <B>command</B>
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<DD>Specifies a STk procedure to invoke to change the view
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in the widget associated with the scrollbar. When a user requests
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a view change by manipulating the scrollbar, the procedure is
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invoked. The parameters given to this
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procedure are described later.
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<P>
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<P>
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<DT><I>Name</I>: <B>elementBorderWidth</B>
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<DT><I>Class</I>: <B>BorderWidth</B>
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<DT><I>Option keyword</I>: <B><A NAME="M21">:elementborderwidth</A></B>
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<DT><I>STklos slot name</I>: <B>element-border-width</B>
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<DD>Specifies the width of borders drawn around the internal elements
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of the scrollbar (the two arrows and the slider). The value may
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have any of the forms acceptable to <B>Tk_GetPixels</B>.
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If this value is less than zero, the value of the <B>borderWidth</B>
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option is used in its place.
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<P>
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<P>
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<DT><I>Name</I>: <B>width</B>
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<DT><I>Class</I>: <B>Width</B>
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<DT><I>Option keyword</I>: <B><A NAME="M22">:width</A></B>
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<DT><I>STklos slot name</I>: <B>width</B>
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<DD>Specifies the desired narrow dimension of the scrollbar window,
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not including 3-D border, if any. For vertical
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scrollbars this will be the width and for horizontal scrollbars
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this will be the height.
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The value may have any of the forms acceptable to <B>Tk_GetPixels</B>.
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<P>
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</DL>
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<H3><A NAME="M23">DESCRIPTION</A></H3>
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The <B>scrollbar</B> procedure creates a new window (given by the
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<I>widget-name</I> argument) and makes it into a scrollbar widget.
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Additional options, described above, may be specified on the procedure
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line or in the option database to configure aspects of the scrollbar
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such as its colors, orientation, and relief.
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The <B>scrollbar</B> procedure returns its <I>widget-name</I> argument.
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At the time this procedure is invoked, there must not exist a window
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named <I>widget-name</I>, but <I>widget-name</I>'s parent must exist.
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<P>
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A scrollbar is a widget that displays two arrows, one at each end of
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the scrollbar, and a <I>slider</I> in the middle portion of the
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scrollbar.
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It provides information about what is visible in an <I>associated window</I>
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that displays an document of some sort (such as a file being edited or
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a drawing).
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The position and size of the slider indicate which portion of the
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document is visible in the associated window. For example, if the
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slider in a vertical scrollbar covers the top third of the area
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between the two arrows, it means that the associated window displays
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the top third of its document.
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<P>
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Scrollbars can be used to adjust the view in the associated window
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by clicking or dragging with the mouse. See the BINDINGS section
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below for details.
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<H3><A NAME="M24">ELEMENTS</A></H3>
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A scrollbar displays five elements, which are referred to in the
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widget procedures for the scrollbar:
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<P>
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<DL>
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<DT><A NAME="M25"><B>arrow1</B></A><DD>
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The top or left arrow in the scrollbar.
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<P>
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<DT><A NAME="M26"><B>trough1</B></A><DD>
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The region between the slider and <B>arrow1</B>.
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<P>
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<DT><A NAME="M27"><B>slider</B></A><DD>
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The rectangle that indicates what is visible in the associated widget.
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<P>
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<DT><A NAME="M28"><B>trough2</B></A><DD>
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The region between the slider and <B>arrow2</B>.
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<P>
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<DT><A NAME="M29"><B>arrow2</B></A><DD>
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The bottom or right arrow in the scrollbar.
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<P>
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</DL>
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<H3><A NAME="M30">WIDGET PROCEDURE</A></H3>
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The <B>scrollbar</B> procedure creates a new STk procedure whose
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name is <I>widget-name</I>. This
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procedure may be used to invoke various
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operations on the widget. It has the following general form:
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<PRE>(<I>widget-name option </I>?<I>arg arg ...</I>?)</PRE>
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<I>Option</I> and the <I>arg</I>s
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determine the exact behavior of the procedure. The following
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procedures are possible for scrollbar widgets:
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<P>
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<DL>
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<DT><A NAME="M31">(<I>widget-name '</I><B>activate </B>)</A><DD>
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<DT><A NAME="M32">(<I>widget-name '</I><B>activate </B><I>element</I>)</A><DD>
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Marks the element indicated by <I>element</I> as active, which
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causes it to be displayed as specified by the <B>activeBackground</B>
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and <B>activeRelief</B> options.
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The only element values understood by this procedure are <B>arrow1</B>,
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<B>slider</B>, or <B>arrow2</B>.
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If any other value is specified then no element of the scrollbar
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will be active.
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If <I>element</I> is not specified, the procedure returns
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the name of the element that is currently active, or an empty list
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if no element is active.
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<P>
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<DT><A NAME="M33">(<I>widget-name '</I><B>cget</B> <I>option</I>)</A><DD>
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Returns the current value of the configuration option given
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by <I>option</I>.
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<I>Option</I> may have any of the values accepted by the <B>scrollbar</B>
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procedure.
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<P>
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<DT><A NAME="M34">(<I>widget-name '</I><B>configure</B> ?<I>option</I>? ?<I>value option value ...</I>?)</A><DD>
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Query or modify the configuration options of the widget.
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If no <I>option</I> is specified, returns a list describing all of
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the available options for <I>widget-name</I> (see <B>Tk_ConfigureInfo</B> for
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information on the format of this list). If <I>option</I> is specified
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with no <I>value</I>, then the procedure returns a list describing the
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one named option (this list will be identical to the corresponding
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sublist of the value returned if no <I>option</I> is specified). If
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one or more <I>option-value</I> pairs are specified, then the procedure
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modifies the given widget option(s) to have the given value(s); in
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this case the procedure returns an empty string.
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<I>Option</I> may have any of the values accepted by the <B>scrollbar</B>
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procedure.
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<P>
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<DT><A NAME="M35">(<I>widget-name '</I><B>delta </B><I>deltaX deltaY</I>)</A><DD>
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Returns a real number indicating the fractional change in
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the scrollbar setting that corresponds to a given change
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in slider position. For example, if the scrollbar is horizontal,
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the result indicates how much the scrollbar setting must change
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to move the slider <I>deltaX</I> pixels to the right (<I>deltaY</I> is
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ignored in this case).
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If the scrollbar is vertical, the result indicates how much the
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scrollbar setting must change to move the slider <I>deltaY</I> pixels
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down. The arguments and the result may be zero or negative.
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<P>
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<DT><A NAME="M36">(<I>widget-name '</I><B>fraction </B><I>x y</I>)</A><DD>
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Returns a real number between 0 and 1 indicating where the point
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given by <I>x</I> and <I>y</I> lies in the trough area of the scrollbar.
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The value 0 corresponds to the top or left of the trough, the
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value 1 corresponds to the bottom or right, 0.5 corresponds to
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the middle, and so on.
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<I>X</I> and <I>y</I> must be pixel coordinates relative to the scrollbar
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widget.
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If <I>x</I> and <I>y</I> refer to a point outside the trough, the closest
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point in the trough is used.
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<P>
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<DT><A NAME="M37">(<I>widget-name '</I><B>get</B>)</A><DD>
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Returns the scrollbar settings in the form of a list whose
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elements are the arguments to the most recent <B>set</B> widget procedure.
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<P>
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<DT><A NAME="M38">(<I>widget-name '</I><B>identify</B> <I>x y</I>)</A><DD>
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Returns the name of the element under the point given by <I>x</I> and
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<I>y</I> (such as <B>"arrow1"</B>), or <B>#f</B>if the point does
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not lie in any element of the scrollbar.
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<I>X</I> and <I>y</I> must be pixel coordinates relative to the scrollbar
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widget.
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<P>
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<DT><A NAME="M39">(<I>widget-name '</I><B>set</B> <I>first last</I>)</A><DD>
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This procedure is invoked by the scrollbar's associated widget to
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tell the scrollbar about the current view in the widget.
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The procedure takes two arguments, each of which is a real fraction
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between 0 and 1.
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The fractions describe the range of the document that is visible in
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the associated widget.
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For example, if <I>first</I> is 0.2 and <I>last</I> is 0.4, it means
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that the first part of the document visible in the window is 20%
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of the way through the document, and the last visible part is 40%
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of the way through.
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<P>
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</DL>
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<H3><A NAME="M40">SCROLLING PROCEDURES</A></H3>
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When the user interacts with the scrollbar, for example by dragging
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the slider, the scrollbar notifies the associated widget that it
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must change its view.
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The scrollbar makes the notification by calling the STk procedure
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given to the scrollbar's \fB\:command\fR option. The parameters
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passed to the procedure may take any of the following forms:
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<P>
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<DL>
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<DT><A NAME="M41">'<B>moveto </B><I>fraction</I></A><DD>
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<I>Fraction</I> is a real number between 0 and 1.
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The widget should adjust its view so that the point given
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by <I>fraction</I> appears at the beginning of the widget.
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If <I>fraction</I> is 0 it refers to the beginning of the
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document. 1.0 refers to the end of the document, 0.333
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refers to a point one-third of the way through the document,
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and so on.
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<P>
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<DT><A NAME="M42">'<B>scroll </B><I>number '</I><B>unit</B></A><DD>
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The widget should adjust its view by <I>number</I> units.
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The units are defined in whatever way makes sense for the widget,
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such as characters or lines in a text widget.
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<I>Number</I> is either 1, which means one unit should scroll off
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the top or left of the window, or -1, which means that one unit
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should scroll off the bottom or right of the window.
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<P>
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<DT><A NAME="M43">'<B>scroll </B><I>number '</I><B>page</B></A><DD>
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The widget should adjust its view by <I>number</I> pages.
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It is up to the widget to define the meaning of a page; typically
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it is slightly less than what fits in the window, so that there
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is a slight overlap between the old and new views.
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<I>Number</I> is either 1, which means the next page should
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become visible, or -1, which means that the previous page should
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become visible.
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<P>
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</DL>
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<H3><A NAME="M44">OLD PROCEDURE SYNTAX</A></H3>
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In versions of Tk before 4.0, the <B>set</B> and <B>get</B> widget
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procedures used a different form.
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This form is still supported for backward compatibility, but it
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is deprecated.
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In the old procedure syntax, the <B>set</B> widget procedure has the
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following form:
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<P>
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<DL>
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<DT><A NAME="M45">(<I>widget-name '</I><B>set</B> <I>totalUnits windowUnits firstUnit lastUnit</I>)</A><DD>
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In this form the arguments are all integers.
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<I>TotalUnits</I> gives the total size of the object being displayed in the
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associated widget. The meaning of one unit depends on the associated
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widget; for example, in a text editor widget units might
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correspond to lines of
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text. <I>WindowUnits</I> indicates the total number of units that
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can fit in the associated window at one time. <I>FirstUnit</I>
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and <I>lastUnit</I> give the indices of the first and last units
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currently visible in the associated window (zero corresponds to the
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first unit of the object).
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<P>
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</DL>
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<P>
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Under the old syntax the <B>get</B> widget procedure returns a list
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of four integers, consisting of the <I>totalUnits</I>, <I>windowUnits</I>,
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<I>firstUnit</I>, and <I>lastUnit</I> values from the last <B>set</B>
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widget procedure.
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<P>
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The procedures generated by scrollbars also have a different form
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when the old syntax is being used: a single parameter is passed to
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the procedure given to the <B>:command</B> option. This integer
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indicates what should appear at
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the top or left of the associated widget's window.
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It has the same meaning as the <I>firstUnit</I> and <I>lastUnit</I>
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arguments to the <B>set</B> widget procedure.
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<P>
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The most recent <B>set</B> widget procedure determines whether or not
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to use the old syntax.
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If it is given two real arguments then the new syntax will be
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used in the future, and if it is given four integer arguments then
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the old syntax will be used.
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<H3><A NAME="M46">EXAMPLE</A></H3>
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The following example shows a procedure which is compatible with
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the old and new syntax for procedure scrolling discussed earlier:
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<PRE>.;; Create list box and scrollbar
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(listbox '.l :height 5
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:yscroll (lambda l (apply .s 'set l)))
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(scrollbar '.s :command (lambda l (apply .l 'yview l)))
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;; Set some elements in the listbox
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(.l 'insert 0 'one 'two 'three 'four 'five 'six 'seven 'eight)
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;; Pack elements
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(pack .l :side "left" :expand #t :fill "both")
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(pack .s :side "right" :expand #f :fill "y")</PRE>
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Using apply and a variable length list of parameters for the scrollbar
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procedure is compatible with old and new scrollbar procedure syntax.
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<H3><A NAME="M47">BINDINGS</A></H3>
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Tk automatically creates class bindings for scrollbars that give them
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the following default behavior.
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If the behavior is different for vertical and horizontal scrollbars,
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the horizontal behavior is described in parentheses.
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<OL>
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<LI>
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Pressing button 1 over <B>arrow1</B> causes the view in the
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associated widget to shift up (left) by one unit so that the
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document appears to move down (right) one unit.
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If the button is held down, the action auto-repeats.
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<LI>
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Pressing button 1 over <B>trough1</B> causes the view in the
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associated widget to shift up (left) by one screenful so that the
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document appears to move down (right) one screenful.
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If the button is held down, the action auto-repeats.
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<LI>
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Pressing button 1 over the slider and dragging causes the view
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to drag with the slider.
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If the <B>jump</B> option is true, then the view doesn't drag along
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with the slider; it changes only when the mouse button is released.
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<LI>
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Pressing button 1 over <B>trough2</B> causes the view in the
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|
|
associated widget to shift down (right) by one screenful so that the
|
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document appears to move up (left) one screenful.
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|
If the button is held down, the action auto-repeats.
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|
<LI>
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|
Pressing button 1 over <B>arrow2</B> causes the view in the
|
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|
|
|
associated widget to shift down (right) by one unit so that the
|
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|
document appears to move up (left) one unit.
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|
If the button is held down, the action auto-repeats.
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|
<LI>
|
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|
If button 2 is pressed over the trough or the slider, it sets
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|
the view to correspond to the mouse position; dragging the
|
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|
mouse with button 2 down causes the view to drag with the mouse.
|
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|
If button 2 is pressed over one of the arrows, it causes the
|
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|
|
same behavior as pressing button 1.
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|
<LI>
|
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|
|
If button 1 is pressed with the Control key down, then if the
|
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|
mouse is over <B>arrow1</B> or <B>trough1</B> the view changes
|
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|
to the very top (left) of the document; if the mouse is over
|
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|
<B>arrow2</B> or <B>trough2</B> the view changes
|
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|
to the very bottom (right) of the document; if the mouse is
|
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|
|
anywhere else then the button press has no effect.
|
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|
<LI>
|
|
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|
|
In vertical scrollbars the Up and Down keys have the same behavior
|
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|
|
as mouse clicks over <B>arrow1</B> and <B>arrow2</B>, respectively.
|
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|
|
In horizontal scrollbars these keys have no effect.
|
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|
|
<LI>
|
|
|
|
|
In vertical scrollbars Control-Up and Control-Down have the same
|
|
|
|
|
behavior as mouse clicks over <B>trough1</B> and <B>trough2</B>, respectively.
|
|
|
|
|
In horizontal scrollbars these keys have no effect.
|
|
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|
|
<LI>
|
|
|
|
|
In horizontal scrollbars the Up and Down keys have the same behavior
|
|
|
|
|
as mouse clicks over <B>arrow1</B> and <B>arrow2</B>, respectively.
|
|
|
|
|
In vertical scrollbars these keys have no effect.
|
|
|
|
|
<LI>
|
|
|
|
|
In horizontal scrollbars Control-Up and Control-Down have the same
|
|
|
|
|
behavior as mouse clicks over <B>trough1</B> and <B>trough2</B>, respectively.
|
|
|
|
|
In vertical scrollbars these keys have no effect.
|
|
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|
<LI>
|
|
|
|
|
The Prior and Next keys have the same behavior
|
|
|
|
|
as mouse clicks over <B>trough1</B> and <B>trough2</B>, respectively.
|
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|
|
<LI>
|
|
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|
|
The Home key adjusts the view to the top (left edge) of the document.
|
|
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|
<LI>
|
|
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|
|
The End key adjusts the view to the bottom (right edge) of the document.
|
|
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|
</OL>
|
1998-04-10 06:59:06 -04:00
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|
<P><IMG ALIGN=TOP SRC="./Img/line-red.gif"><P>
|
1996-09-27 06:29:02 -04:00
|
|
|
<A HREF=./STk-hlp.html><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="./Img/RefBookBlue.gif"> Back to the <B>STk</B> main page</A>
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</BODY></HTML>
|
