- completed section on IPC.
- changed the order of returned values for tcp-connect[-nonblocking] and accept-connection[-nonblocking] so that you get an input and output ports in that order (making it a little easier to rememeber).
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Abdulaziz Ghuloum
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a28e67c7c2
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@ -268,7 +268,8 @@ Intel-x86 and the AMD-64 architectures. 64-bit computing allows the
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programmer to utilize larger address space (larger than 4GB) and
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provides a greater range for fixnums (61-bit fixnums). Running in
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32-bit mode, however, makes more efficient utilization of resources
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due to the smaller memory footprint for most data structures.
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due to the smaller memory footprint for most data structures.\\
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(64-bit support is experimental at this stage of development.)
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\textbf{Supports many operating systems:} Ikarus runs on the most
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popular and widely used operating systems for servers and personal
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@ -2215,6 +2216,8 @@ displayed.
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\chapter{The \texttt{(ikarus ipc)} library}
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\ref{sec:environment-variables}
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\ref{sec:subprocess}
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\ref{sec:sockets}
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\newpage
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@ -2268,8 +2271,12 @@ and thus may leak some memory for some calls to \texttt{setenv}.
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Use sparingly.}
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\section{Subprocess communication}
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\newpage
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\section{\label{sec:subprocess}Subprocess communication}
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This section describes the facilities that Ikarus provides for
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starting subprocesses and sending and receiving data through the
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subprocesses' standard input, output, and error ports.
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\defun{system}{procedure}
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\texttt{(system string)}
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@ -2288,7 +2295,6 @@ Ikarus's \texttt{system} procedure is a thin wrapper around the
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0
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\end{verbatim}
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\defun{process}{procedure}
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\texttt{(process program-name args ...)}
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@ -2319,7 +2325,8 @@ operation on a nonblocking port in which bytes are not available for
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reading or writing causes Ikarus to enqueue the port with the
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continuation in which the read/write operation occurs and attempt to
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dispatch previously enqueued ports on which some bytes are ready for
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read or write.
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read or write. See Section~\ref{sec:sockets} for more details on
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blocking and nonblocking operations.
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@ -2389,56 +2396,175 @@ the signal to the given process.
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\section{TCP and UDP sockets}
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\newpage
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\section{\label{sec:sockets}TCP and UDP sockets}
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Ikarus supports synchronous (blocking) and asynchronous
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(multiplexing) communication facilities over both TCP/IP and UDP/IP
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channels. It facilitates writing client and server applications
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that serve a variety of purposes, e.g., web servers,
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char clients, mail, news, et cetera.
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The synchronous model is simple and is ideal for noninteractive
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command-line applications that communicate with a single host at a
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time. FTP clients, HTTP spiders, and off-line netnews caching
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programs typically use synchronous communication. The basic
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operations start with connecting (via \texttt{tcp-connect}) to an
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internet service (identified by a port number or a service name)
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located on some host (identified by its host name or IP number). By
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connecting to a server, we obtain an input port and an output port
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forming bidirectional channel of communication. Depending on the
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service protocol, the client exchanges information with the server
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by reading and writing to the designated ports. Read and write
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operations in this model may block indefinitely until appropriate
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number of bytes are read/written, or until the operation times out.
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Communication ends when the client closes both ports.
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The asynchronous model allows for communicating with many hosts
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simultaneously. Ikarus maintains a queue of pending ports, the
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blocking operation performed on these ports, and their respective
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continuations. Whenever the operating system indicates that a
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read/write operation may block, Ikarus schedules the port and a
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restarting continuation into the queue and then dispatches one of
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the \emph{ready} operations. This is reminiscent of how
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multitasking operating systems schedule I/O-bound threads, except
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that in Ikarus, threads are lightweight, represented by ordinary
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continuations. Thus, reading or writing to a nonblocking port
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causes Ikarus to transparently capture a continuation, enlist it in
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the queue, and dispatch another continuation captured earlier.
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Multiple read and write operations from multiple connections are
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fulfilled concurrently, dispatching whichever one is ready and
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without one operation blocking the rest.
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Because asynchronous scheduling and dispatching involves switching
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continuations, winders that maintain the dynamic environment
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(e.g.,~those established by \texttt{dynamic-wind},
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\texttt{parameterize}, \texttt{with-output-to-file},
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\texttt{with-exception-handler}, etc.) are properly invoked when
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leaving a dynamic context and entering another. Care must be taken
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when using winders that perform externally-visible side effects upon
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entering/leaving a dynamic context.
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TODO
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\defun{tcp-connect}{procedure}
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\texttt{(tcp-connect host-name service-name)}
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\texttt{(tcp-connect host service)}
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The procedure \texttt{tcp-connect} attempts to connect to the
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\texttt{service} located on the remote \texttt{host} through the
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TCP/IP protocol. The \texttt{host} argument is a string
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representing either the IP address (e.g., \texttt{"127.0.0.1"}) or a
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fully-qualified domain name (e.g., \texttt{"www.example.com"}), in
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which case name to address resolution is performed automatically.
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The \texttt{service} argument is also a string which can be either a
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port number (e.g., \texttt{"80"}) or a service name (e.g.,
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\texttt{"http"}) in which case the service name is mapped to the
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canonical port number for the service.
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Upon success, \texttt{tcp-connect} returns two values: a binary
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\emph{input} port and a binary \emph{output} port. Writing and
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reading from the obtained ports may block indefinitely until an
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appropriate number of bytes is read/written. Closing both ports
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closes the communication channel and frees the underlying
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operating-system resources.
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TODO
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\defun{tcp-connect-nonblocking}{procedure}
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\texttt{(tcp-connect-nonblocking host-name service-name)}
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\texttt{(tcp-connect-nonblocking host service)}
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TODO
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The procedure \texttt{tcp-connect-nonblocking} is similar to
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\texttt{tcp-connect} except that the two returned ports are put in
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\emph{nonblocking} mode. If an attempt to perform a read (write)
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operation on the input (output) port may block, a restart
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continuation is captured and scheduled in the I/O queue and a
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perviously blocked operation may be restarted (when its blocking
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operation can progress).
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\defun{udp-connect}{procedure}
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\texttt{(udp-connect host-name service-name)}
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\texttt{(udp-connect host service)}
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TODO
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The procedure \texttt{udp-connect} is similar to
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\texttt{tcp-connect} except that it connects to the remote server
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through the UDP protocol (as implied by the name).
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\defun{udp-connect-nonblocking}{procedure}
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\texttt{(udp-connect-nonblocking host-name service-name)}
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TODO
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The procedure \texttt{udp-connect-nonblocking} is similar to
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\texttt{tcp-connect-nonblocking} except that it connects to the
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remote server through the UDP protocol.
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\defun{tcp-server-socket}{procedure}
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\texttt{(tcp-server-socket port-number)}
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TODO
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The procedure \texttt{tcp-server-socket} attempts to \emph{listen}
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on the given port number for incoming connections. On success,
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\texttt{tcp-server-socket} returns an abstract \emph{tcp-server}
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object encapsulating the underlying operating-system server socket.
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The server socket is placed in \emph{blocking} mode: an attempt to
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accept a connection on such server blocks indefinitely
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until a remote client attempts to establish a connection.
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\defun{tcp-server-socket-nonblocking}{procedure}
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\texttt{(tcp-server-socket-nonblocking port-number)}
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TODO
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This procedure is similar to \texttt{tcp-server-socket} except that
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the returned server socket is placed in \emph{nonblocking} mode. An
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attempt to accept a connection from a nonblocking server socket does
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not block the entire process, instead, a restarting continuation is
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scheduled and is invoked when an incoming connection is available
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(and another I/O-bound operation blocks).
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\defun{accept-connection}{procedure}
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\texttt{(accept-connection tcp-server)}
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TODO
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The procedure \texttt{accept-connection} takes a tcp-server socket
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(e.g., one obtained from \texttt{tcp-server-socket}) and returns two
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values: a binary \emph{input} port and a binary \emph{output} port
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through which the server communicates with the connecting client.
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If the \texttt{tcp-server} object is in blocking mode,
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\texttt{accept-connection} may block the entire process until an
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incoming connection is obtained. If the server is in nonblocking
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mode, an (otherwise) blocking operation would be rescheduled and
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invoked later when a connection occurs.
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The input and output ports that \texttt{accept-connection} returns
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are put in blocking mode. .
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\newpage
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\defun{accept-connection-nonblocking}{procedure}
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\texttt{(accept-connection-nonblocking tcp-server)}
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TODO
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The procedure \texttt{accept-connection-nonblocking} is similar to
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\texttt{accept-connection} except that the two returned ports are
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put in nonblocking mode.
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\defun{close-tcp-server-socket}{procedure}
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\texttt{(close-tcp-server-socket tcp-server)}
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TODO
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This procedure closing the server socket (so that no more incoming
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connections can be accepted) and frees the underlying
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operating-system resources associated with the socket.
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\defun{register-callback}{procedure}
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\texttt{(register-callback input-port thunk)}\\
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\texttt{(register-callback output-port thunk)}\\
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\texttt{(register-callback tcp-server thunk)}
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The procedure \texttt{register-callback} takes a nonblocking port or
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server socket and a callback procedure. It enqueues the port/socket
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and the thunk into the event queue. The given procedure is called
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when another I/O operation blocks and data is ready to be read (for
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an input port argument), written (for an output port argument), or
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an incoming connection is available (for a tcp-server argument).
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The \texttt{register-callback} procedure returns immediately. It
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does not block and does not attempt to perform any read, write, or
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accept operation on the given argument.
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@ -3116,6 +3242,14 @@ procedure leaks a small amount of memory. This is because the
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system cannot track such pointers that go into native code
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(which may retain such pointers indefinitely). Use judiciously.}
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\nocite{ghuloum-implicit}
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\nocite{ghuloum-generation}
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\appendix
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\chapter{Missing Features}
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Ikarus does not fully conform to \rnrs{6} yet. Although it
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@ -3157,14 +3291,10 @@ open-file-input/output-port
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\end{itemize}
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\nocite{ghuloum-implicit}
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\nocite{ghuloum-generation}
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\newpage
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\backmatter
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\appendix
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%\appendix
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\phantomsection
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%\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Bibliogaraphy}
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\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\bibname}
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@ -2355,10 +2355,10 @@
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(unless block?
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(set-fd-nonblocking socket who id))
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(values
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(fh->output-port socket
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id (output-socket-buffer-size) #f close who)
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(fh->input-port socket
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id (input-socket-buffer-size) #f close who)))))
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id (input-socket-buffer-size) #f close who)
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(fh->output-port socket
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id (output-socket-buffer-size) #f close who)))))
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(define-syntax define-connector
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(syntax-rules ()
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@ -1 +1 @@
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1741
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1742
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