foreign-c

foreign-c is a C foreign function interface (FFI) library for R7RS Schemes. It is portable in the sense that it supports multiple implementations, as opposed to being portable by conforming to some specification.

Issue tracker

Maling lists

Installation
Documentation
- Types
- Primitives 1
  - c-type-size
  - define-c-library
  - define-c-procedure
  - c-bytevector?
  - c-bytevector-u8-set!
  - c-bytevector-u8-ref
  - c-bytevector-pointer-set!
  - c-bytevector-pointer-ref
- Primitives 2
  - define-c-callback
- c-bytevector
  - make-c-null
  - c-null?
  - c-free
  - make-c-bytevector
  - call-with-address-of
  - native-endianness
  - c-bytevector-s8-set!
  - c-bytevector-s8-ref
  - c-bytevector-s16-set!
  - c-bytevector-s16-ref
  - c-bytevector-s16-native-set!
  - c-bytevector-s16-native-ref
  - c-bytevector-u16-set!
  - c-bytevector-u16-ref
  - c-bytevector-u16-native-set!
  - c-bytevector-u16-native-ref
  - c-bytevector-s32-set!
  - c-bytevector-s32-ref
  - c-bytevector-s32-native-set!
  - c-bytevector-s32-native-ref
  - c-bytevector-u32-set!
  - c-bytevector-u32-ref
  - c-bytevector-u32-native-set!
  - c-bytevector-u32-native-ref
  - c-bytevector-s64-set!
  - c-bytevector-s64-ref
  - c-bytevector-s64-native-set!
  - c-bytevector-s64-native-ref
  - c-bytevector-u64-set!
  - c-bytevector-u64-ref
  - c-bytevector-u64-native-set!
  - c-bytevector-u64-native-ref
  - c-bytevector-sint-set!
  - c-bytevector-sint-ref
  - c-bytevector-uint-set!
  - c-bytevector-uint-ref
  - c-bytevector-ieee-single-set!
  - c-bytevector-ieee-single-native-set!
  - c-bytevector-ieee-single-ref
  - c-bytevector-ieee-single-native-ref
  - c-bytevector-ieee-double-set!
  - c-bytevector-ieee-double-native-set!
  - c-bytevector-ieee-double-ref
  - c-bytevector-ieee-double-native-ref
  - bytevector->c-bytevector
  - c-bytevector->bytevector
  - string->c-utf8
  - c-utf8->string
- Environment variables

Implementation support tables

Primitives 1 table

	c-size-of	c-bytevector-u8-set!	c-bytevector-u8-ref	define-c-library	c-bytevector?	define-c-procedure
Chibi	X	X	X	X	X	X
Chicken	X	X	X	X	X	X
Gauche	X	X	X	X	X	X
Guile	X	X	X	X	X	X
Kawa	X	X	X	X	X	X
Mosh	X	X	X	X	X	X
Racket	X	X	X	X	X	X
Saggittarius	X	X	X	X	X	X
Stklos	X	X	X	X	X	X
Ypsilon	X	X	X	X	X	X

Primitives 2 table

	define-c-callback
Chibi
Chicken	X
Gauche
Guile	X
Kawa
Mosh	X
Racket	X
Saggittarius	X
Stklos
Ypsilon	X

Test files pass

	primitives.scm	addressof.scm	callback.scm
Chibi	X	X
Chicken	X	X	X
Gauche	X	X
Guile	X	X	X
Kawa	X	X
Mosh	X	X
Racket	X
Saggittarius	X	X	X
Stklos	X	X
Ypsilon	X	X

Installation

Either download the latest release from https://git.sr.ht/~retropikzel/foreign-c/refs or git clone , preferably with a tag, and copy the foreign directory to your library directory.

Example assuming libraries in directory snow:

git clone https://git.sr.ht/~retropikzel/foreign-c --branch LATEST_VERSION
mkdir -p snow
cp -r foreign-c/foreign snow/
make -C snow/foreign/c SCHEME_IMPLEMENTATION_NAME

With most implementations the make command does not compile anything. When that is the case it will say “Nothing to build on SCHEME_IMPLEMENTATION_NAME.”

Documentation

Types

Types are given as symbols, for example ’int8 or ’pointer.

int8
uint8
int16
uint16
int32
uint32
int64
uint64
char
unsigned-char
short
unsigned-short
int
unsigned-int
long
unsigned-long
float
double
pointer
- c-bytevector on Scheme side
callback
- Callback function
void
- Can not be argument type, only return type

Primitives 1

(c-type-size type)

Returns the size of given C type.

(define-c-library scheme-name headers object-name options)

Takes a scheme-name to bind the library to, list of C headers as strings, shared-object name and options.

The C header strings should not contain “<” or “>”, they are added automatically.

The name of the shared object should not contain suffix like .so or .dll. Nor should it contain any prefix like “lib”.

Options:

additional-versions
- Search for additional versions of shared object, given shared object “c” and additional versions “6” “7” on linux the files “libc”, “libc.6”, “libc.7” are searched for.
- Can be either numbers or strings
additional-paths
- Give additional paths to search shared objects from

Example:

(cond-expand
  (windows (define-c-library libc-stdlib
                                '("stdlib.h")
                                "ucrtbase"
                                '((additional-versions ("0" "6"))
                                  (additiona-paths (".")))))
  (else (define-c-library libc-stdlib
                             (list "stdlib.h")
                             "c"
                             '((additional-versions ("0" "6"))
                               (additiona-paths ("."))))))

Notes

Do not cond-expand inside the arguments, that might lead to problems on some implementations.
Do not store options in variables, that might lead to problems on some implementations.
Pass the headers using quote
- As ’(…) and not (list…)
Pass the options using quote
- As ’(…) and not (list…)

(define-c-procedure scheme-name shared-object c-name return-type argument-type)

Takes a scheme-name to bind the C procedure to, shared-object where the function is looked from, c-name of the function as symbol, return-type and argument-types.

Defines a new foreign function to be used from Scheme code.

Example:

(cond-expand
    (windows (define-c-library libc-stdlib '("stdlib.h") "ucrtbase" '()))
    (else (define-c-library libc-stdlib '("stdlib.h")  "c" '("6"))))
(define-c-procedure c-puts libc-stdlib 'puts 'int '(pointer))
(c-puts "Message brought to you by foreign-c!")

Notes

Pass the return-types using quote
- As ’(…) and not (list…)

(c-bytevector? obj)

Returns #t if obj is c-bytevector, otherwise returns #f.

(c-bytevector-u8-set! c-bytevector k byte)

If K is not a valid index of c-bytevector the behaviour is undefined.

Stores the byte in element k of c-bytevector.

(c-bytevector-u8-ref c-bytevector k)

If K is not a valid index of c-bytevector the behaviour is undefined.

Returns the byte at index k of c-bytevector.

(c-bytevector-pointer-set! c-bytevector k pointer)

If K is not a valid index of c-bytevector the behaviour is undefined.

Stores the pointer(which is also c-bytevector) in element k of c-bytevector.

(c-bytevector-pointer-ref c-bytevector k pointer)

If K is not a valid index of c-bytevector the behaviour is undefined.

Returns the pointer(which is also c-bytevector) at index k of c-bytevector.

Primitives 2

(define-c-callback scheme-name return-type argument-types procedure)

Takes scheme-name to bind the Scheme procedure to, return-type, argument-types and procedure as in place lambda.

Defines a new Sceme function to be used as callback to C code.

Example:

; Load the shared library
(cond-expand
    (windows (define-c-library libc-stdlib '("stdlib.h") "ucrtbase" '()))
    (else (define-c-library '("stdlib.h") "c" '("" "6"))))

; Define C function that takes a callback
(define-c-procedure qsort libc-stdlib 'qsort 'void '(pointer int int callback))

; Define our callback
(pffi-define-callback compare
                      'int
                      '(pointer pointer)
                      (lambda (pointer-a pointer-b)
                        (let ((a (pffi-pointer-get pointer-a 'int 0))
                              (b (pffi-pointer-get pointer-b 'int 0)))
                          (cond ((> a b) 1)
                                ((= a b) 0)
                                ((< a b) -1)))))

; Create new array of ints to be sorted
(define array (make-c-bytevector (* (c-size-of 'int) 3)))
(pffi-pointer-set! array 'int (* (c-size-of 'int) 0) 3)
(pffi-pointer-set! array 'int (* (c-size-of 'int) 1) 2)
(pffi-pointer-set! array 'int (* (c-size-of 'int) 2) 1)

(display array)
(newline)
;> (3 2 1)

; Sort the array
(qsort array 3 (c-size-of 'int) compare)

(display array)
(newline)
;> (1 2 3)

c-bytevector

Foreign-c c-bytevector interface is copied from R6RS bytevectors, with some added functionality for C null pointers.

(make-c-null)

Returns a null C pointer.

(c-null? obj)

Returns #t if obj is a null C pointer, otherwise returns #f.

(c-free c-bytevector)

Frees c-bytevector from memory.

(call-with-address-of)

Since the support for calling C functions taking pointer address arguments, the ones you would prefix with &, varies, some additional ceremony is needed on the Scheme side.

Example:

Calling from C:

//void func(int** i);
func(&i);

Calling from Scheme:

(define cbv (make-bytevector (c-type-size 'int)))
(call-with-address-of
 cbv
 (lambda (address)
  (func address)))
; Use cbv here

The passed c-bytevector, in example named cbv, should only be used after call to call-with-addres-of ends.

(native-endianness)

Returns the endianness symbol associated implementation’s preferred endianness (usually that of the underlying machine architecture). This may be any <endianness symbol>, including a symbol other than big and little.

(make-c-bytevector k)
(make-c-bytevector k fill)

Returns a newly allocated c-bytevector of k bytes.

If the fill argument is missing, the initial contents of the returned c-bytevector are unspecified.

If the fill argument is present, it’s value must confine to C uint8_t values , it specifies the initial value for the bytes of the c-bytevector

(c-bytevector-s8-set! c-bytevector k byte)

If K is not a valid index of c-bytevector the behaviour is undefined.

Stores the byte in element k of c-bytevector.

(c-bytevector-s8-ref c-bytevector k byte)

If K is not a valid index of c-bytevector the behaviour is undefined.

Returns the byte at index k of c-bytevector.

(c-bytevector-sint-set! bytevector k endianness size)
(c-bytevector-sint-ref bytevector k endianness size)
(c-bytevector-uint-set! bytevector k endianness size)
(c-bytevector-uint-ref bytevector k endianness size)

Size must be a positive exact integer object. If K , . . . , k + size − 1 is not valid indices of bytevector the behavior is unspecified.

The c-bytevector-uint-ref procedure retrieves the exact integer object corresponding to the unsigned representation of size size and specified by endianness at indices k,…,k + size − 1.

The c-bytevector-sint-ref procedure retrieves the exact integer object corresponding to the two’s-complement representation of size size and specified by endianness at indices k , . . . , k + size − 1. For c-bytevector-uint-set!, n must be an exact integer object in the interval {0, . . . , 256size − 1}.

The c-bytevector-uint-set! procedure stores the unsigned representation of size size and specified by endianness into bytevector at indices k , . . . , k + size − 1.

(c-bytevector-s16-set!) (c-bytevector-s16-ref) (c-bytevector-s16-native-set!) (c-bytevector-s16-native-ref) (c-bytevector-u16-set!) (c-bytevector-u16-ref) (c-bytevector-u16-native-set!) (c-bytevector-u16-native-ref) (c-bytevector-s32-set!) (c-bytevector-s32-ref) (c-bytevector-s32-native-set!) (c-bytevector-s32-native-ref) (c-bytevector-u32-set!) (c-bytevector-u32-ref) (c-bytevector-u32-native-set!) (c-bytevector-u32-native-ref) (c-bytevector-s64-set!) (c-bytevector-s64-ref) (c-bytevector-s64-native-set!) (c-bytevector-s64-native-ref) (c-bytevector-u64-set!) (c-bytevector-u64-ref) (c-bytevector-u64-native-set!) (c-bytevector-u64-native-ref) (c-bytevector-ieee-single-set!) (c-bytevector-ieee-single-native-set!) (c-bytevector-ieee-single-ref) (c-bytevector-ieee-single-native-ref) (c-bytevector-ieee-double-set!) (c-bytevector-ieee-double-native-set!) (c-bytevector-ieee-double-ref) (c-bytevector-ieee-double-native-ref) (bytevector->c-bytevector) (c-bytevector->bytevector) (string->c-utf8) (c-utf8->string)

Environment variables

Setting environment variables like this on Windows works for this library:

set "PFFI_LOAD_PATH=C:\Program Files (x86)/foo/bar"

PFFI_LOAD_PATH

To add more paths to where pffi looks for libraries set PFFI_LOAD_PATH to paths separated by ; on windows, and : on other operating systems.